660 SYSTEMATIC BOTANY, 



Cai'pels combined. 

 Seeds exalbuminous. 

 Calyx tubular. 



Ovary 2-celled Aquilariaceoe. 195. 



Ovary 4-celled Penceacece. 198. 



Calyx tubular, or imperfect . . Podostemaceoe. 193. 



Seeds albuminous Phytolaccaceoe. 186. 



2. Flowers unisexual. 



a. Carpels solitary, or quite distinct. 

 Calyx tubular. 



Anthers opening by recurved valves . Atherosfpermacece. 201. 

 Anthers opening longitudinally . . MyrisHcaceee. 203. 

 Calyx not tubular. 

 Seeds exalbuminous. Embryo straight. 



Leaves verticillate .... CeratophyUacece, 216. 



No evident leaves .... Casuarinacece. 231. 

 Seeds albuminous. 



Embryo curled round the albumen . Chenopodiacece. 183. 



Embryo straight Monimiaceee. 202. 



b. Carpels more than one, combined. 

 Ovules indefinite. 



Leaves with pitchers .... Nepenthacece. 222. 

 Ovules definite. 



Fruit fleshy. Seeds ascending . . Empetracece, 220. 



Fruit dry. Seeds suspended . . . Enphorbiaceoe. 218. 



Artificial Analysis of the Bhizogens of Lindley. 



A. Ovules solitary BaJanopJiO^acece. 235. 



B. Ovules indefinite. 



Anthers opening by slits Cytinaceae. 236. 



Anthers opening by pores Rafflesiaceoe. 237. 



Monochlamydeous or Achlamydeous flowers also occasionally occur in 

 plants belonging to the following Orders of the Sub-classes Thalamifloras, 

 Calyciflorae, and Corolliflorse. 



1. Thalamiflorte : — Ranunculaceoe, Menispermacece, Papaveraceoe, Fla- 

 courtiacece, Caryophyllacece, Sterculiaceoe, Byttneriuce<R, TiliacecE, Malpi- 

 ghiacece, Rutacece, Xanthoxylaceoe, and Geraniaceoe. 



2. Calyciflorae : — Celastracece, Rhamnaceie, Anacardiacece, Leguminosce, 

 Rosaceoe, Lythracece, Saxifragaceoe, Cunoniaceoe , Paronychiacece, Mesem- 

 bryacece, Passifloracece, Myrtacece, Onagraceoe, Haloragaceoe, Combretacece, 

 Hamamelidacke, and Araliaceoe. 



3. Corolliflorae -.—Oleacece, and Primulacem. 



Class I.— DICOTYLEDONES. 



Division 2. Gymnospermia. 



Natural Order 238. Pinaceje or Conifeeje.— The Pine or 

 Coniferous Order. — Character. — Eesinous trees or evergreen 

 shrubs, with branched continuous stems. Leaves linear, needle- 

 shaped {fig. 315), or lanceolate, parallel-veined, fascicled {fig. 

 262) or imbricate. Flowers naked, monoecious or dioecious. 

 Male flowers arranged in deciduous amenta. Stamens 1 or several, 

 monadelphous ; anthers 2 or many-celled, opening longitudinally. 

 Female flowers in cones {figs. 267, 394, and 1024), consisting of 



