GLUMACEJi. 703 



It is an excellent fodder grass for cattle and horses. It is now grown to 

 some extent in Shetland and other parts of Britain. 



Eleusine. — E. coracana. — The grains of this plant constitute one of the 

 Millets of India ; in Coromandel it is called yaichnee. It is also cultivated 

 in Japan as a corn crop. In Sikldm a kind of beer, called muiira or millet 

 beer, is prepared from the grains, and is in general use by the natives. 

 (See Panicum.) E. Tocusso is an Abyssinian plant. Its grain is used as 

 food imder the name of Tocitsso. 



Gynerium. — G. argenteum is the elegant Pampas-grass. G. sacc?uxroides,a 

 BrazUian species, contains much sugar. 



Bolcus. — ff. saccharatus, Sorghu}7i sacchai-afurn, ox Andropogon saccharatum, 

 is the North China Sugar-cane or Sweet Sorgho. It is cultivated in China 

 and other parts for the purpose of extracting its sugar. It is said to yield 

 from 10 to 15 per cent, of sugar. Its grain is eaten in Aii-ica, and is termed 

 Dochna. The plant has been introduceil into this country, and has been 

 highly recommended for cultivation as a stmimer forage for cattle, but at 

 present our knowledge resi^ecting it will not allow of our drawing any 

 positive conclusions upon its merits. It is now, however, extensively culti- 

 vated in the south and central parts of France as a fodder crop. H. Sorghum , 

 Sorghum vulgare, or Andropogon Sorghum, of which there are several varie- 

 ties, is extensively cultivated in Africa, IncUa, &c.. for the sake of its grain, 

 which is known as Guinea Com, Durra, Turkish Millet, and Jaar. This 

 grain is much used as food in warm countries. In this country it has been 

 employed for feeding poulti-y. The stems are used in the manufacture of 

 carpet-brooms, whisks, dscc. A kind of beer called Bouza is also prepared 

 from the grains. 



Hordeum, Barley. — Several species or varieties are commonly cultivated 

 in cold and temperate cUmates for their grain ; as H. distichon, Two-rowed 

 or Long-eared Barley ; H. vulgare, Bere, Bigg, Four-rowed or Spring Barley ; 

 H. hexastkhon. Six-rowed Barley; and H. zeocitron, St^xsX or Battledore Barley, 

 Barley is used dietetically in the manufacture of bread, and in the form of 

 malt "most extensively in the production of ale, beer, and ardent spirits. It 

 is the common grain in use for the latter purposes in this coimtry. Barley 

 deprived of its husk constitutes Scotch, Hulled, or Fot Barley. "When both 

 husk and integuments are removed, and the seeds rounded and polished, 

 they form Pearl Barley, which, when ground, is caUed Patent Barley. 



Oryza sativa is the Rice plant, the grain of which is more largely used for 

 food than that of any other cereal. Starch of good quality is largely pre- 

 pared from rice. From 40 to 50 varieties of the Rice plant are known and 

 cultivated. Rice appears to be less nutritive than the other cereal grains, 

 and to be of a more binding nature, hence its use in diarrhoea, ic. Spirit 

 is sometimes distilled fi'om the fermented infusion of rice. This spirit is 

 frequently called arrack, but that name is properly used only in reference to 

 the spirit distilled from Palm wine. 



Panicum. — P. miliaceum yields Indian MiUet. The grain is called "Warree 

 and Kadi-kane in the East Indies. P. spectabile, a Brazilian species, grows 

 six or more feet in height. It is a favourite fodder grass, and is commonly 

 known as the Angola grass. P. jumeidorum is another fodder grass., called 

 Guinea-grass. P. pilosum yields a grain known in India as Bhadlee. The 

 grain of P. frumentaceum is also nutritious. It is termed Shamoola in tne 

 Deccan. Some of the Tartar tribes are said to prepare a kind of beer from 

 a species of MUlet, which is called Bouza, Murwa, or MiQet-beer, but this is 

 probably obtained from a species of Eleusine. (See Eleusine.) 



Paspalum. — P. exde yields the smallest known cereal grain. The grain is 

 knoA\Ti on the "West Coast of Africa, where it is used as food, under the name 

 of Fundi or Fiindimgi. It is commonly called, in Sierra Leone, MiQet. P. 

 scrobiculatum also jields a kind of grain, kno^\-n in India as the Menya or 

 Kodro. A variety of this gi'ass is reputed to be injurious to cattle. 



Penicillaria spicata or Panicum spicatum is called Caflfre Corn. It yields a 

 serviceable grain, which is commonly distiuguished as African Millet. 



Pennisetum dichotomum. — The grains of this grass are known in some 

 parts of "Western Africa tmder the name of kasheia. They are used there as 

 food. In Egypt and Arabia this grass is employed as fodder for camels, 

 &c., and for thatching, Sac. 



