388 



THE PANDANALES 



versed by the spores increases. This probably accounts for the 

 growth of many anemophilous plants in dense colonies since 

 the close proximity of the plants greatly increases the chance 

 of the microspores reaching the stigmas. The Finales, grasses, 

 willows, oaks, etc., are other illustrations of a very large series 

 of plants, some 10,000 in number, that have a similar habit. 

 Anemophilous flowers are inconspicuous and simple in structure. 

 You will notice that showy perianths, nectar and perfume glands 

 are developed only in such flowers as utilize insects for the distri- 



FiG. 280. 



Fig. 281. 



Fig. 280. Inflorescence and fruit of Typha: A, inflorescence— &, pro- 

 tecting bracts curving away from the sporophylls; mi, region of staminate 

 flowers; mg, region of pistillate flowers. B, staminate flower consisting of 

 two stamens sessile upon a short stem. C, pistillate flower of one carpel— 

 s, stigma; 0, ovary containing a single ovule. D, appearance of A in the 

 fall— OT-j, region occupied by staminate flowers; mg, the pistils have increased 

 greatly in size during the ripening of the seed. 



Fig. 281. The mature fruit of Typha: s, remains of the stigma; 0, 

 ovary; p, elongated pedicel bearing numerous hairs. Compare Fig. 280, C. 



