8 CLIMATE AND SPECIES. 
found in full flower above Froggatt at 1,100 feet on July 28th. 
This is naturally all the more exemplified in species possessing 
the greatest range, such, for instance, as Montia, Linum catharti- 
cum, Angelica, Vaccinium Myrtillus, Lysimachia nemorum, and 
Teucrium Scorodonia. Picris hieracioides (900 feet) and Hrythraa 
Centaurium (800 feet) were seen in full flower in September, and 
at the same time Volvulus Sepium (1,200 feet) had only its first 
flowers out. Geranium pusillum, on the Staffordsire side of 
Dovedale, at the unusual elevation of 900 feet, was in full 
flower in mid-September. These few examples, which could be 
greatly multiplied, may suffice to illustrate what is true, more 
or less, of the whole flora. As, further, the period of flowering 
varies widely in different seasons, the time assigned to each 
species cannot be more than approximate. It is, in every case, 
to be understood as embracing both the earlier or lowland and 
the later or upland time of flowering. 
Whilst on this subject, it may be well to add a few remarks 
of a general nature on the flowering times of plants. The high 
tide of flowering is reached in the summer, and the lowest point 
coincides with the coldest part of the year. An attempt is here 
made to classify the flowering periods of our flora, and to some 
extent make out their causes. If we take the two halves of the 
civil year, we may make two corresponding groups of plants—an 
earlier one of spring flowerers, and a later one of summer 
flowerers. Besides these two main groups we may find one smaller, 
intermediate and fairly distinguishable group, whose flowering 
period falls within the two midsummer months of June and 
July, and, finally, a much smaller group, whose flowering time 
extends over both spring and summer, and even over the greater 
part of the year. Restricting our classification to the indigenous 
and long-established species, and excluding aliens, casuals, and a 
few others, viz., some Batrachian Ranunculi forms, Rubi, &c., 
the result of the analysis is, for Derbyshire, as follows :— 
Spring flowerers ... ee ape, SAO 
Summer flowerers DP ae 410 
Midsummer flowerers... wai 126 
Spring and Summer flowerers ... 62 
