17.2 The Romance of Wild Flowers 
miniature. There is a calyx-tube with from four to 
six fringed teeth; a funnel-shaped tubular corolla 
with the limb cleft into four parts; four stamens and 
a two-armed style which protrude 
from the mouth of the corolla. 
Honey is produced on a disk at 
the bottom of the tube, and the 
stamens mature before the stig- 
mas. When the pollen is shed 
and the anthers shrivelled, one 
arm of the style lengthens con- 
siderably, and the stigmas become 
ready for pollination, which must 
be effected by the vistts of 
insects. 
Woodruff (Asperula odorata) 
presents a similar appearance, but 
its stems grow erectly in woods 
and copses. Its firm leaves and 
stems are shiny, and as they dry 
after gathering, they give out a 
sweet odour of fresh hay. The 
flowers are as large again as 
those of Field Madder, more bell- 
shaped, and the calyx has no 
UN teeth; they produce honey, but 
“i iS : — 
AN i io the only result of insect-visits 
co Ms Na } 7 , 
hy \\ 
appears to be the shaking down 
of pollen from the anthers at 
the mouth of the corolla upon 
the two-branched stigma more than half-way down. 
Woodruff is insect-fertilised with its own pollen. 
When its two-seeded fruit is ripe, the calyx covered 
Woodruff 
