260 The Romance of Wild Flowers 
middle lobe of the lower lip. The anthers and stigma 
occupy the upper part of the entrance, but the stigma 
is mature before the anthers, and so cross-fertilisa- 
tion is favoured. The anthers are again two-celled, 
of which the lower cell ends ina long stiff spur; they 
are all connected together by the downy coats, and 
the pollen is dry. The filaments are slender, without 
forbidding teeth, and stand widely apart, to allow a 
short-tongued insect to thrust his head well into the 
flower. But the spurs of the anthers hang down in 
such manner that the insect’s head is certain to push 
against one, and then the anthers are dislocated, and 
a shower of pollen descends. 
This all refers to what we will call the normal 
form; but there are other forms with smaller flowers, 
and in these the anthers are ripe before the stigma. 
In this form the stigma at first stands behind the 
anthers, but afterwards the style lengthens and brings 
the stigma just below the anthers, where it will be 
touched by an insect’s head if such a visitor appears, 
but failing that, the pollen falling from the anthers 
will effect self-fertilisation. Such self-fertilisation is 
not possible in the large-flowered form. Bees and 
some of the larger flies are the insects performing 
the necessary operations for this species. 
In the Louseworts (Pedicularis) the corolla is 
greatly lengthened flattened from the sides, and the 
internal arrangements still more complex. The 
colour is a rosy-pink—an advance upon the yellow 
and white flowered root-parasites we have already 
referred to, apart from the manifestly more specialised 
corolla. The upper side is so straight and tubular 
that it is scarcely fitting to speak of the corolla as 
