280 The Romance of Wild Flowers 
tongue is short. Cross-fertilisation is insured by the 
earlier maturing of the anthers. 
Self-heal (Brunella vulgaris) has dimorphic flowers 
also, but exhibits a peculiar difference in the form of 
the stamen: instead of ending in two ordinary 
anther-lobes, it divides at the tip into two short 
branches, on one of which are the anther-lobes, whilst 
the other branch ends in a point which presses against 
the concave surface of the upper lip, and keeps the 
anthers in the proper position for pollinating an 
insect-visitor. 
Woundwort (Stachys sylvatica) has the upper lip 
of the corolla small, but as the flowers hang almost 
horizontally round the stem, it is sufficiently large to 
protect the organs; whilst the large lower lip forms 
an alighting-platform. The anthers discharge their 
pollen whilst the style is only half its ultimate length, 
but when this attains its full growth the stigmas are 
widely separated and hang below the anthers, so that 
they are in the way of insects bringing pollen from a 
younger flower. In the absence of such visitors self- 
fertilisation takes place by the stigmatic branches 
bending against the anthers where a little pollen is 
still left. Similar but shghtly varied arrangements 
will be found in Marsh Woundwort (S. palustris) 
and Betony (S. betonica). 
The Hemp Nettle (Galeopsis tetrahit) has a vaulted 
upper lp covering stamens and pistil, and a large 
lower lip with honey-guides consisting of a yellow 
spot and a network of red lines. At the base of the 
lower lip there is a pouch on each side which confines 
the entrance to the tube to the width and shape of 
the bee’s head. The pistil lies between the anthers, 
