Spurges and Nettles 295 
shoot clear; he says, “If a man swings a rope round 
his head, and the end hits a stick, it will coil round 
the stick according to the direction of the swinging 
movement; so it is with a twining plant, a line of 
erowth travelling round the free part of the shoot, 
causing it to bend towards the opposite side, and this 
replaces the momentum of the free end of the rope.” 
The Hop is fertilised by the wind, and the male 
flowers are borne by one plant, the female by another. 
They are all small, and the males, which are produced 
in long drooping panicles, consist of lth) yy, five sepals 
with Ties stamens attached to a Wey 4 y, them. The 
females form a dense short spike HB: gg of broad 
bracts, each bract containing a couple of 
j flower con- 
é Vee an ovary 
= stigmas 
the hewats to 
flowers in its axil, and each 
sisting of a single sepal with 
and two awl-shaped purple 
which protrude between 
catch the wind-borne athe from other 
plants. It will be 
seen in the female 
Zz Ez . . “J. 
that, as is usual yZ UE v= In wind - fertilised 
y : 
(anemophilous) ee ES flowers, the stigmas 
are long and spreading as con- 
trasted =. with the small knob or 
lobe so common in entomo- 
plants, where the pollen 
placed with precision by 
insects. 
= 2z¢2> Beyond the Nettle family lie the 
important families of Forest Trees: the CUPULIFER, 
including Birch, Alder, Oak, Beech, Hazel, and Horn- 
beam; the SALIcIN&, including Poplars, Willows, and 
Sallow; and the CoNnIFER#&, including Pine, Juniper, 
philous } 
