78 UMBELLIFERJ]:— UMBELLIFEROUS TRIBE 



in one variety of the plant the petals are fringed, and of greenish-yellow. 

 It blooms in July and August, and the umbels, when in seed, are either 

 convex or flat. It is the D. giimmifer of Lamarck, and Sir J. D, Hooker 

 regards it as a sub-species of D. carota. 



38. Bur Parsley (Caucalis), 



1. Small Bur Parsley (C daucoides). — Leaves twice pinnate ; leaflets 

 pinnatifid, with narrow acute segments ; umbels of few rays ; general invo- 

 lucre none ; partial involucre of about three leaves. Plant annual. This is 

 well named Bur Parsley, for the large oblong fruits, beset with prickles, are 

 truly burs, clinging very readily to any object near them, and so getting 

 their seeds distributed. This is a low plant, the stem often about three or 

 four inches, though sometimes twelve in height. It occurs in chalky corn- 

 fields in the south and east of England ; also in the Channel Islands. Its 

 deeply-furrowed stems are hairy at the joints, and it bears, in June, both 

 terminal and lateral umbels of small reddish-white flowers. It is a trouble- 

 some weed in cultivated lands, being of no service to man, and unfit for 

 pasture. The French call the Bur Parsley Camalide ; the Germans Haftdolde ; 

 the Dutch Doarnzaad. It is the Caucali of the Italians, the Caucalide of the 

 Spaniards, and the Beterhtus of the Danes. 



2. Great Bur Parsley (C laHfdlia). — Leaves pinnate, running down 

 the stem, coarsely serrated ; involucres membranous ; fruit very rough, with 

 prickles ; root annual. This rare plant is a doubtful native of corn-fields on 

 a chalky soil. It is occasionally found between Cambridgeshire and Glouces- 

 tershire; also in Somerset, South Wales, and Hertfordshire. Even an 

 unpractised botanist would detect it by its showy pink flowers, and the 

 large oblong prickly fruits Avhich succeed them. The stem is one or two 

 feet high, and very rough; the leaves broad, and little divided. It is in 

 flower in July. 



39. Hedge Parsley {Toiilis). 



1. Upright Hedge Parsley {T. anthriscus). — Leaves twice pinnate ; 

 leaflets oblong, deeply serrated ; vmibels terminal and stalked ; partial invo- 

 lucres of many leaves ; root annual. This is a tall slender plant, with a 

 stem tAvo or three feet high, solid and rough. The leaves are hair}^, and the 

 flowers, which appear in July and August, are small, and either white or of 

 a pinkish hue. The fruit is thickly covered with bristles, which are not 

 hooked. It occurs on hedge-banks and field-borders. 



2. Spreading Hedge Parsley (7". infdsfa). — Leaves twice pinnate; 

 leaflets cut and serrated ; \unbcls stalked, terminal ; general involucre none, 

 or of one leaf, partial of a few awl-shaped leaves ; fruit with spreading 

 hooked prickles. Plant annual. The specific name given to this Hedge 

 Parsley might apply to all the plants in the genus, for they are all useless 

 and "troublesome," abounding infields and waysides. This species is much 

 smaller than the last, its branched stem being from six to eighteen inches in 

 height, and the foliage very rigid. The prickles form a thick mass on the 

 fruits. The plant, which is regarded by AVatson as an introduced species, 

 is very common in fields or on waste places so\ith of Yorkshire. 



