COMPOUND FLOWERS 125 



17. Saw-wort (Serrdfuh). — Stamens and pistils often on diflferent plants ; 

 involucre imbricated, bracts not prickly ; receptacle chaffy or bristly ; fruit 

 flattened, not beaked ; pappus hairy. Name f'^om the Latin, serrula, a little 

 saw, the leaves being finely serrated. 



18. Saussurea. — Involucre imbricated, bracts not prickly ; anthers bristly 

 at the base ; receptacle chaffy ; pappus double, outer bristly, inner longer, 

 feathery. Named in honour of the two De Saussures, Swiss botanists. 



19. Thistle (Cdrdviis). — Involucre swollen below, imbricated with 

 spinous bracts ; receptacle bristly ; pappus hairy, united by a ring at the 

 base, and soon falling off. The Latin name of the plant. 



20. Plume-thistle (Cniois). — Involucre swollen below, imbricated with 

 spinous scales ; pappus equal and feathery. Name from the G-reek for a 

 thistle — knekos. 



21. Cotton-thistle (Onopdrdum). — Involucre swollen below, imbricated, 

 the leathery bracts spreading and spinous; receptacle honeycombed by little 

 pits Avith toothed edges ; fruit 4-angled ; pappus hairy, rough. Name of 

 Greek origin. 



22. Carline-thistle (Carlina). — Involucre imbricated, swollen at the 

 base, the outer bracts loose, with numerous spines, the inner coloured, spread- 

 ing, and resembling a ray ; receptacle chaffy. Name the same as Carolina, 

 from a tradition that an angel showed the root of one of the species to 

 Charlemagne, as a remedy for the plague. 



23. Knapweed, Corn Bluebottle, etc. {Centawkt). — Involucre imbri- 

 cated ; receptacle bristly ; pappus hairy or none ; outer florets large, irregular, 

 destitute of stamens and pistils. Name from the Centaur Chiron, who is said 

 to have used it for healing wounds. 



Siib-oixler III. Corymbifer^e. 



Florets of the disk tubular ; marginal florets often strap-shaped. 

 1. The Tansy Group (Ttibiflorce). 



24. Bur-marigold {Bidens). — Involucre of many bracts, the outer ones 

 often leafy ; pappus of 2 — 5 awns, which are rough, with minute teeth point- 

 ing downwards. Name from the Latin, his, double, and dens, a tooth, from 

 the pappus bristles. 



25. Galinsoga (Galinsoga). — Flower-heads small, with yellow ray-florets. 

 Involucre of 1 row of bracts with chaffy margins ; receptacle conical, with 

 lance-shaped scales ; pappus of fringed scales in one series. Named after 

 De Galinsoga, the Spanish botanist. 



26. Cotton-weed {Diutis). — Involucre hemispherical, bracts oblong, im- 

 bricated ; pappus none ; corolla with two ears at the base, which remain and 

 crown the fruit. Name from the Greek, dis, double, ous, dtos, an ear, from 

 the form of the fruit. 



27. Tansy (Tanacetum). — Involucre cup-shaped, imbricated; receptacle 

 naked ; fruit crowned with a chaffy border. Name altered from the Greek 

 afhdnatos, not dying. 



28. Wormwood (Artemisia). — Involucre roundish, imbricated, containing 

 but few flowers. Name from Artemis, the Diana of the Greeks. 



