COMPOUND FLOWERS 127 



Name, the old Latin designation, probably a corruption of HeUmda, Little 

 Helen. 



42. Flea-bane (Pulicdria). — Livolucre loosely imbricated, in few rows ; 

 pappus in two rows, outer one short, membranous, cup-shaped, and toothed, 

 inner hairy ; receptacle naked ; anthers with bristles at their base. Name 

 from 'pulex, a flea, to Avhich insect the plant is said to be obnoxious. 



43. Daisy (Bc'IHs). — Involucre of two rows of equal blunt bracts; 

 receptacle conical ; outer florets white, inner yellow ; pappus none. Name 

 from the Latin, belhis, pretty. 



44. Ox-eye (Chrysanthemum). — Involucre nearly flat, the bracts membran- 

 aceous at the margin ; receptacle naked ; pappus none. Name from the 

 Greek, ehrysos, gold, and anthos, a flower. 



45. Wild Chamomile {Matricaria). — Involucre conical, hemispherical, or 

 nearly flat, the scales imbricated, and usually membranaceous at their 

 margins; pappus a membranaceous border, or wanting; receptacle naked. 

 Name from its former use in affections of the matrix. 



46. Chamomile (Anthemis). — Involucre cup-shaped, or nearly flat, the 

 scales imbricated, membranaceous at their margins ; receptacle chaffy ; 

 pappus none, or a membranaceous border. Name from the Greek, anthos, a 

 flower, from its numerous blossoms. 



47. Yarrow, Milfoil {Achillea). — Involucre egg-shaped, or oblong, 

 imbricated ; receptacle flat, chaffy ; florets of the ray broad, 5 — 10 ; pappus 

 none. Name from Achilles, who is said to have first used it as a healing 

 herb. 



Anomalous Genus. 



48. BuR-WEED {Xdnthiiim). — Stamens and pistils in separate flowers on 

 the same plant. Stamen-bearing flowers with an involucre of few scales, and 

 many small heads of flowers upon a common receptacle ; calyx none ; corolla 

 sessile. Pistil-bearing flower with its involucre single, prickly, with two 

 beaks, inclosing two flowers ; calyx none ; corolla none ; the two stigmas 

 alone protruded from the beaks. Fruit one-seeded. Name from xanthos, 

 yellow or fair, because an infusion is said to have been used for staining the 

 hair yellow. 



Sub-order 1. Chicory Tribe (Cichoracece). 



1. Goat's-BEARD {Tragopdgon). 



* Florets cdl strap-shaped ; having stamens and pistils. 



1. Yellow Goat's-beard {T. pratinsis). — ^Involucre about the same 

 length as the corolla, or rather longer ; leaves broad at the base, clasping the 

 stem, very long, tapering, channelled, and undivided ; flower-stalks slightly 

 thickened above ; root biennial. This plant, which is not uncommon, is one 

 of easy recognition ; for the long leaves, almost as slender as those of the 

 young wheat, distinguish it at once from the other species of compound 

 flowers, with their variously cut foliage. The stem is about two feet high, 

 with sea-green bloom upon its surface, and the flower is yellow, with either 

 yellow or dark-brown anthers. The blossom forms one of the best floral 



