CAMPANULACE^— BELL-FLOWER TKIBE 197 



Order XLVII. CAMPANULACEiE— BELL-FLOWER 



TRIBE. 



Calyx superior, 5-lobed, remaining till the fruit ripens ; corolla regular, 

 bell-shaped or Avheel-shaped, rising from the mouth of the calyx, 5-lobed, and 

 withering on the fruit ; stamens equalling in number the lobes of the corolla, 

 and alternate with them ; anthers not uniting, except in the genus Jasidne ; 

 ovary inferior, of tAvo or more many-seeded cells; style 1, covered with 

 hairs ; stigma simple, or with as many lobes as the ovary has cells ; fruit 

 dry, crowned by the withered calyx and corolla, splitting, or opening by 

 Aalves at the side or top ; seeds numerous, fixed to a central column. The 

 Bell-flowers and their allies are herbaceous or somewhat shrubby plants, with 

 round or irregularly-angled stems, mostly alternate leaves, without stipules. 

 They have a milky bitter juice, and the roots of several species are edible ; 

 but they are more valued for the beauty of their flowers than for any 

 economical uses. 



L Bell-flower {CmnpAnuJa). — Corolla bell-shaped, with 5 broad and 

 shallow lobes ; filaments broad at the base ; anthers distinct ; stigma 2 — 5- 

 cleft ; capsule 2 — 5-celled, opening by pores at the side, rarely at the top. 

 Name from the Latin, campana, a bell. 



2. Rampion (Phi/feuma). — Corolla wheel-shaped, with five deep lobes; 

 filaments broad at the base ; anthers distinct ; stigma 2 — 3-cleft ; capsule 

 2 — 3-celled, bursting at the side. Name from the Greek, phytoti, a plant. 



3. Sheep's-bit (Jasione). — Corolla wheel-shaped, with 5 long narrow 

 segments ; anthers united at their base ; stigma 2-cleft ; capsule 2-celled, 

 opening at the top by small teeth ; flowers in heads, within a many-leaved 

 involucre. Name of uncertain origin. 



L Bell-flower (Cavipdmda). 



* Corolla hell-shaped ; capsule top-shaped; pores just belotv the calyx segments. 



1. Spreading Bell-flower {C. pdtida). — Stem angular, rough ; leaves 

 somewhat rough, with rounded notches at the margin, wavy, oblong, and 

 sessile, lower ones tapering at the base; flowers few, on long stalks, in 

 spreading panicles, erect, with the clefts close to the calyx segments; 

 annual. This is by no means a common plant. It is almost limited to the 

 western and southern counties of England, where it occurs in pastures and 

 hedges, and even there is seldom abundant. It is somcAvhat similar to the 

 common harebell, but is distinguished from it by its rough stem and loose 

 panicles of larger, more open, cup-shaped, and deeper purple flowers. The 

 Rev. W. T. Bree, referring to this plant at Allesley, in Warwickshire, says : 

 " In the immediate neighbourhood of this place I should seek in vain for a 

 wild specimen of such plants as the viper's bugloss, the blue succory, 

 kidney-vetch, wood spurge, wild clary, common Avormwood, and several 

 others equally common ; while the beautiful CampAnula pdtida, generally, and 

 with reason, considered one of our rarer natives, occurs plentifully in this 

 and other parishes of the neighbourhood. I have been told that, some years 

 ago, a noble lady resident in this county informed the celebrated Mr. Curtis 



