INTRODUCTION 



XXXI 



Of one carpel {??wnocarpelIary) — 



1. Fod, or legume, dry and splitting down both sides, as in the 

 Legwni?ios(z. 



2. Drupe, or stone-fruit, with a skin, flesh, and stone, the 

 kernel being the seed, as in the tribe Frihiece of the Rosacece. 



Of more than one carpel {polycarpellary) — 

 Apocarpous (carpels distinct). 



3. Etcerio (Greek hetairos, a companion), a collection of 

 car[)els ifruitlets), each of which may be dry, one-seeded and 

 indehiscent, when it is called an achene (Greek a, not ; chaino, I 

 split), as in the Buttercup, Strawberry, and Rose ; or each may 

 be a dry many-seeded pod ox foliid^, splitting down one side, as 

 in the Marsh-marigold and the Columbine ; or each may be a 



Parietal placentation. 



Free-central placentation. 



succulent miniature drupe or drupel, as in the Blackberry and 

 Raspberry. 



Syncarpous (carpels united). 



Superior. 



4. Caryopsis, dry, indehiscent, and one-seeded, as in Wheat 

 and most Grasses, each grain being a fruit formed of two carpels 

 with a groove where they join. 



5. Siitqua, the dry, two-chambered dehiscent pod of the 

 Cruciferce (p. 32). 



6. Regina, dry, splitting into nutlets, as in Mallows, Cranes- 

 bills, Spurges, Mint, Borage, &c. 



7. Sa??iara, dry and winged, as in the Ash, Maple, and Elm« 



8. Capsule, dry and dehiscent, as in the Violets, Primrose, 

 Pinks, &c., opening by valves in the Violets, by teeth in the 

 Primrose, hy pores in the Poppy, and by splitting all round in the 

 Pimpernels. 



