INTRODUCTION xliii 



flowers, and capsular fruits ; se-pals, petals, and stamens 5 each ; 

 carpels 3 — 5; ovules many. (p. 177.) 



Order 30. Lyihrdriece (The Loosestrife Family). — Herbs with 

 entire, generally opposite leaves and polysymmetric flowers; 

 sepals and petals 3 — 6 each ; stamens generally twice as many as 

 the petals; carpels 2 — 6; fruit a many-seeded capsule, (p. 178.) 



§§ Stamens ep'gynous ; ovary syncarpous, inferior 



Order 31. HaIo?-dgece (The Mare's-tail Family). — Aquatic 

 htrbs with Oj posite or whorled leaves and very inconspicuous 

 flowers ; sepals 2 — 4, or absent ; petals 2 — 4, valvate or absent ; 

 stamens i — 8 ; carpels i — 4 ; styles distinct ; ovules i in each 

 chamber, (p. 180.) 



Order 32. Ofiagrariece (The Willow-herb Family). — Herbs 

 with simple exstipulate leaves and generally conspicuous poly- 

 symmetric flowers; sepals 2 — 4, valvate; petals 2 — 4, contorted, 

 or absent ; stamens 2— 8 ; carpels i — 6, usually 4. (p. 184.) 



Order 33. Cucurbitdcece (The White Bryony). — A hispid 

 climbing herb with tendrils, palmately-lobed leaves, greenish 

 dioecious flowers, and scarlet berries ; sepals 5, united ; petals 5, 

 united ; stamens 3 ; carpels 3. (p. 1 89.) 



Order 34. UmbeUiferce (The Parsley Family). — Herbs, mostly 

 with pinnate leaves, sheathing at the base, and compound umbels 

 of small white flowers ; sepals, petals, and stamens 5 each ; carpels 

 2, i-ovuled ; fruit a cremocarp. (p. 191.) 



Order 35. AralidcecB (The Ivy Family). — A cHmbing shrub 

 with adhesive rootlets, evergreen leaves, simple umbels of yellow- 

 ish flowers, and black berries ; sepals, petals, stamens, carpels, and 

 seeds 5 each. (p. 225.) 



Order 36. Corndcece (The Dogwood Family). — Shrubs and 

 herbs with opposite leaves, small flowers, and berry-like fruits ; 

 sepals, petals, and stamens 4 each ; carpels 2, i-ovuled. (p. 

 226.) 



Sub-Class 2. Gamopetalce. — Having both calyx and corolla 

 and the petals of the latter united.^ (p. 228-407.) 



Series i. EpigyyicE, — Ovary inferior.^ (pp. 228-304.) 



§ Stamens epipetalous ^ 



Order 37. Caprifolidcece. (The Honeysuckle Family). — Trees, 

 shrubs, and herbs with opposite leaves and generally conspicuous 



1 Gamopetalous forms occur exceptionally among Polyp^talae. (See p. xxxix, note.) 

 Free petals occur in some Ericaceae, Plumbaginesi, and Gentianeae. Petals are absent in 

 some Primulaces; and Oledcese. 



2 The ovary is also inferior in some Primulaceae. 



3 The stamens are also epipetalous in some Campanulaceae. 



