INTRODUCTION xlv 



petals, and stamens 5 each ; stamens opposite the petals ; carpels 

 3 — 5; ovary i-chambered, i-ovuled. (p. 313.) 



Order 47. Fnmuidcece (The Primrose Family). — Herbs, 

 mostly with radical leaves, ccnspicuous polysym metric flowers, 

 and capsular fruits ; sepals, petals, and stamens 4 — 9 each ; 

 stamens opposite the petals ; ovary i-chambered ; placentation 

 free-crntral ; ovules many. (p. 315.) 



Order 48. Oied:ece (The Olive Family). — Trees or shrubs with 

 opposite leaves and small polysymmetric flowers ; sepals and petals 

 4 each, or absent ; stamens 2 ; fruit a samara or berry-like. (p. 324.) 



Order 49 Apocyndcece. (The Periwinkle Family). — Perennial, 

 slender, prostrate undershrubs with milky juice ; opposite, ever- 

 green, entire leaves, and large polysymmetric flowers ; sepals, 

 petals, and stamens 5 each ; corolla salver-shaped, contorted in 

 bud. (p. 326.) 



Order 50. Ge7iiidnece (The Gentian Family). — Bitter glabrous 

 herbs, mosdy with opposite, simple, em ire leaves and conspicuous 

 polysymmetric flowers ; sepals, petals, and stamens 4 — 10 each ; 

 carpels 2 ; fruit a capsule ; se. ds many. (p. 327.) 



Order 51. Polemonidcece. (The Jacob's Ladder). — An erect 

 herb with pinnate leaves and conspicuous polysymmetric flowers ; 

 sepals, petals, and stamens 5 each ; carpels 3 ; fruit a 3- chambered, 

 many-seeded capsule, (p. 334.) 



Order 52. Boraginece (The Borage Family). — Herbs, mostly 

 rough, with scattered, simple leaves, and conspicuous polysym- 

 metric flowers ; sepals, petals, and stamens 5 each ; carpels 2, 

 2-ovuled ; fruit a regma of 4 i-seeded nutlets, (p. 334.) 



Order 53. Co7ivolvuldcecB (The Bindweed Family), — Herbs, 

 generally twining, with scattered, simple leaves, or leafless, and 

 polysymmetric flowers ; sepals, petals, and stamens 4 — 5 each ; 

 carpels 2, 2-ovuled ; fruit a 4-seeded capsule, (p. 345.) 



Order 54. Sola?idcecB (The Nightshade Family). — Herbs or 

 shrubs with scattered leaves and polysymmetric flowers ; sepals, 

 petals, and stamens 5 each ; carpels 2 ; fruit a capsule, or berry- 

 like, many-seeded, (p. 348.) 



Order 55. Scrophularinece. (The Figwort Family). — Herbs 

 having mostly conspicuous monosymmetric flowers ; sepals, 

 petals, and stamens 4 — 5 each ; corolla often bi-labiate ; stamens 

 generally didynamous ; carpels 2 ; fruit a 2-chambered, many- 

 seeded capsule, (p. 353.) 



Order 56. OrobanchdcecB (The Broom-rape Family). — Fleshy, 

 brownish parasites, with scattered scale-leaves and monosymmetric 

 flowers ; sepals 4 — 5 ; petals 5, bi-labiate ; stamens didynamous ; 

 carpels 2 ; fruit a i-chambered, many-seeded capsule, (p. 371.) 



