Xlviii INTRODUCTION 



small drupe ; stamens 4 — 8 ; ovary i-chambered, i-ovuled. 

 (p. 443.) 



Order 75. Cupuliferce (The Mast bearing Family). — Trees or 

 shrubs with scattered, simple, stipulate leaves and small flowers; 

 stamens 2—20; carpels 2 — 3, i — 2 ovuled ; fruit a i — 2-cham- 

 bered nut with i seed in each chamber, (p. 444.) 



Order 76. Salic'mece (The Willow Family). — Trees, shrubs, or 

 herbs, with scattered, simple, stipulate leaves, and conspicuous 

 catkins w^hich generally precede the leaves ; stamens 2 — 30 ; 

 carpels 2 ; ovary i-chambered ; seeds many, with silky hairs. 

 (P- 45I-) 



Class II. Monocotyledons. — Plants having one cotyledon, 

 parallel-veined leaves and floral leaves generally in whorls of 3.^ 

 (pp.456— 591.) 



Sub-Class i. Petalo'idece — Having the perianth usually petal- 

 oid and coloured, not, as a rule, green or glumaceous.^ (pp. 457 

 —521.) 



Series i. Epigynce. — Perianth superior, (pp. 457 — 482.) 



Order 77. Hydrocharidece (The Frog-bit Family). — Aquatic 

 herbs with conspicuous flowers, polysymmetric and dioecious ; 

 sepals and petals 3 each; stamens 3 — 12; carpels 3 — 6; fruit a 

 berry, (p. 457-) 



Order 78. Orchidece (The Orchid Family). — Herbs mostly 

 with tuberculate roots and conspicuous monosymmetric flowers ; 

 sepals, petals, and carpels 3 each; stamens i — 2, gynandrous ; 

 ovary i-chambered ; fruit a many-seeded capsule, (p. 459.) 



Order 79. 7r/^<?^ (The Iris Family). — Herbs with fleshy under- 

 ground stems, narrow leaves and handsome flowers ; sepals, petals, 

 stamens, and carpels 3 each ; ovary 3-chambered ; fruit a many- 

 seeded capsule, (p. 473.) 



Order 80. Amaryl/idece {The Amaryllis Family). — Herbs with 

 bulbs, narrow leaves and handsome polysymmetric flowers ; sepals, 

 petals, and carpels 3 each ; stamens 6 ; ovary 3-chambered ; fruit 

 a capsule ; seeds 3 or more. (p. 477.) 



Order 81. Dioscdrece (The Black Bryony). — A climbing herb- 

 aceous perennial with broad, glossy, net-veined leaves and small 

 monoecious flowers ; sepals, petals, and carpels 3 each ; stamens 6 ; 

 ovary 3-chambered; fruit a berry; seeds 6. (p. 481.) 



1 Leaves are net-veined in the Black Br^-ony (Dioscoreaceae), Herb Paris (Liliaceae), and 

 Arum (Aroidese) ; and the floral leaves are in whorls of four in Naiadaceze. 



2 The perianth is membranous or green in Juncaceae, Naiadaceae, and Eriocauleee, and 

 absent in Typhaceae, Aroideae, and Lemnaceae. 



