IVY FAMILY 225 



lanceolate, cut and toothed ; umbels compound, long-stalked, term- 

 inal, 2 — 8-rayed ; bracts i or none; bradeoles linear; -flowers \Nh\\.t 

 or pink; jruit covered with spreading hooked bristles. — Hedges; 

 common. — Fl. July, August. Annual. 



2. T. Anthriscus (Upright Hedge-Parsley). — A tall, slender 

 plant, 2 — 3 feet high, with a solid rough stem; hairy, bipinnate 

 leaves ; ovate-oblong, cut and toothed leaflets ; long-stalked term- 

 inal 5 — i2-rayed umbels with several bracts and bracteoles ; flowers 

 small, white or pinkish ; fruit covered with incurved, not hooked, 

 bristles. Hedges ; abundant. — Fl. July, August. Annual. 



3. T. nodosa (Knotted Hedge-Parsley). — Well distinguished 

 from all other British umbelliferous plants by its prostrate stem, 

 its very small, almost globular, simple, lateral, and nearly sessile 

 umbels of small pinkish-white flowers, and by the outer fruits in 

 each umbel being covered with hooked bristles, while the inner 

 are warty. — Fl. May — July. Annual. 



Ord. XXXV. Araliace^e. — The Ivy Family 



Shrubs or trees, often downy with stellate hairs, chiefly tropical, 

 and closely resembling the Umbelliferce in the structure of their 

 flowers, though not partaking of their dangerous properties. 

 Calyx superior, 5 -cleft ; petals 5 — 10; stamens, 5 — 10, epigynous ; 

 ovary 2- or more-chambered, with stydes as many as the chambers, 

 and I ovule in each chamber ; fruit generally a berry. Only one 

 species is a native of Britain ; but this one, the Ivy, is so 

 universally diffused as to be familiar to every one. Ginseng, the 

 favourite medicine of the Chinese, is the root of Panax Ginseng, 

 a member of this Order ; and their celebrated Rice-paper is the 

 pith of Fdtsia papyrifera^ a native of Formosa, also belonging to 

 the Araliaceae. 



I. Hedera (Ivy). — Climbing shrubs ; leaves exstipulate, simple, 

 scattered ; flowers in simple umbels, 5-merous, polysymmetric ; 

 berry 5-chambered, 5-sceded, with a parchment-like endocarp 

 lining each chamber; albumen ruminate. (Name, the Classical 

 Latin name of the plant.) 



I. H. Helix (Common Ivy). — A woody plant with a stem some- 

 times 10 inches in diameter, trailing or climbing by adventitious 

 simple rootlets ; leaves evergreen, leathery, dark green, glossy, 

 and distinctly veined above, 5-lobed on the climbing stem, ovate 

 and uhdivided on the free upper branches ; umbels confined to 

 the upper free branches, globose, simple, downy with stellate 

 Q 



