45° 



CUPULfFER^ 



There are three well-marked varieties : var. pedunculdta, the 

 White Oak, with sessile leaves, downy beneath when young, and 

 acorns on long stalks; var. intermedia, the Durmast Oak, pro- 

 bably a hybrid, with short stalks to both leaves and acorns, leaves 

 remaining always downy beneath, and very dark green acorns ; 

 and var. sessiliflora, the Red Oak, with downy twigs, long leaf- 

 stalks, leaves smooth beneath, and nearly sessile acorns. — Woods ; 

 common. The tree is attacked by numerous insects producing 

 various galls, such as oak-apples, marble-galls, leaf-spangles, arti- 

 choke-galls, currant-galls, &c. — Fl. April, May. Perennial. 



castAnea SAxivA (Spanish Chestnut). 



*6. Castanea (Chestnut). — Trees with long slender catkins, 

 the staminate ones erect ; stamens 8 — 20 ; car peltate flowers 3 to- 

 gether within a 4-lobed, very prickly capsule ; stigmas 6 ; ovary 

 5 — 8-chambered ; nut large, surmounted by 6-lobed perianth, i- 

 chambered, i — 3-seeded. (Name, the Classical Latin name of the 

 tree.) 



i."^ C. sativa (Sweet or Spanish Chestnut). — A large and hand- 

 some tree with deeply furrowed bark ; glossy, oblong-lanceolate 

 leaves with bristly serrations ; catkins 5 — 6 in. long. — Parks and 

 plantations ; common, but not indigenous. — Fl. May. Perennial. 



7. Fagus (Beech). — Trees with deciduous (or, in foreign species, 

 evergreen) leaves ; staminate catkins globose ; stamens 8 — 40, with 



