122 ENGLISH BOTANY. 



on land or in shallow watcM-, but I keep it distinct on the authority of 

 Dr. Hcp;elmaicr, who considers it so on account of its flowering at an 

 earlier date than C. hamulata. It appears to be a form more confined 

 to tlie south and west of Europe than any of the preceding. The leaves 

 of 0. pedunculata seem to be always strapshaped, never oblanceolate 

 or obovate. 



The only other subspecies of C. verna which is likely to occur in 

 Britain is C. obtusangula, Le Gall.^ which has the lobes of the fruit 

 with an evanescent furrow between them, and the angles of the lobes 

 completely rounded off, but in other respects it closely resembles C. 

 vernalis. 



Pedunculated Water Starwort. 



SPECIES II.— CALL IT RICH E AUTUMNALIS. Linn. 



Plate MCCLXXV. 

 Eeich, Ic. Fl. Germ, ct Helv. Vol. V. PI. CXXX. Fig. 4749 I. 



Leaves strapshaped or lanceolate-strapshaped, generally enlarged at 

 the base, notched at the apex. Anthers always submerged; pollen 

 grains with a single coat. Marginal furrows of the fruit deep, ex- 

 tendinof to the bottom of the lobes. Stem and leaves destitute of 

 stellate scales; the leaves all submerged, translucent, 1-nerved, and 

 destitute of stomata. 



In lakes. Rare. Llyn Maelog, Anglesea; pond in Tabley Park, 

 Cheshire (Hon. J. L. Warren). In Scotland it occurs in several 

 lakes, but I have gathered it in only Loch Gelly, Fife, and Loch of 

 Drum, near Aberdeen. In Ireland it grows at Cong, and a little to 

 the east of Foxford, co. Mayo; also near Lough Neagh, cos. Derry 

 and Antrim. 



England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn. 



Plant wholly submerged, with brittle yellowish stems and very dark 

 green translucent leaves, }j to f inch long, resembling in texture those 

 of Potamogeton pusillus ; these leaves are usually rounded at the base 

 and taper slightly towards the apex, but sometimes they are nearly 

 the same ^vidtli throughout. The fruit is y^^ to i inch long, dark olive 

 when dry, with very broad membranous wings, and the lobes being 

 divided nearly to the base, it is impossible to mistake this species 

 when in fruit for any of the forms of C. verna. 



The British specimens which I have examined, viz. those from 

 Anglesea, Cheshire, Fife, Aberdeen, and Perth, all belong to a sub- 

 species, C. eu-autumnalis [C. autumnalis, Auct. Hegehn. Monogr.p. 61]. 

 In this plant the fruit is sessile or subsessile ; the margins of the lobes 

 have a broad sharp winglike keel. Another subspecies, C. truncata, 

 Guss.^ has the fruit sessile or more or less distinctly stalked, and the 



