URTICACE.E. 137 



for tlie purpose. Some fibre prepared from the hop plant was exhibited not long 

 ago ; but it is very doubtful whether it would ever pay to extract and prepare it so 

 that it could be woven into cloth. A sort of canvas is made in Sweden from hop- 

 fibre, obtained by macerating the stems in water for the whole winter. These stems 

 are often twisted into rough cordage to tic up the bags in which the hops are packed. 

 A yellow tint is yielded by the juice, which may be used as a dye. 



Sub-Order III.— ULMACE^.. 



Flowers perfect or polygamous, not arranged on a fleshy clinantli 

 nor spadix. Filaments elongate, incurved in bud. Ovary 2-celled or 

 imperfectly 2-celled, each cell containing a single suspended ovule, 

 rarely 1 -celled or 1-ovuled ; styles or stigmas 2. Fruit 1 -celled and 

 1 -seeded, a dry samara or more rarely a drupe. Seed exambuminous or 

 with a small portion of gelatinous albumen ; embryo straight or more 

 rarely curved; radicle remote from the hilum. 



GENUS F.— ULMUS. Linn. 



Flowers perfect, rarely polygamous. Perianth campanulate or 

 funnelshaped, membranous, limb with 5 or more rarely 4 to 8 lobes. 

 Stamens 5, rarely 4 or 8. Ovary ovoid, compressed, 2-celled, each 

 cell with 1 ovule; styles 2, stigmatiferous on the inner face. Fruit 

 (saynara) 1-celled and 1-seeded, ovoid, much compressed, surrounded 

 by a broad membranous reticulated wing. 



Trees or shrubs with alternate rough serrate subdistichous leaves 

 and flowers in small lateral fascicles opening before the leaves appear. 



Dr. Mayne gives us the derivation of the name of this genus of plants thus — " As if 

 from minus, from uliginosus, moist or plashy, because it grows best in damp or moist 

 situations." 



Mr. Loudon, in his " Arboretum," says, " It is supposed to be derived fi-om the 

 Saxon word elm or iilrn^ a name which is applied with very slight alterations to this 

 tree in all the dialects of the Celtic tongue. Ulm is still one of the German names for 

 Elm, and the City of Ulm is said to derive its name from the great number of Elm 

 trees that are growing near it. There are above forty places in England mentioned 

 in the ' Doomsday Book,' which take their name from that of the Elm, such as Barn 

 Elms, Mne Elms, &c." 



SPECIES I.— U L M U S SUBEROSA. Eh-l. 

 Plates MCCLXXXV. MCCLXXXVI. 



U. campestris Linn. Sp. PI. p. 327 (part), Planch, in Phytol. 1 848, p. 35. Benth. 



Handbk. Brit. Fl. ed. ii. p. 415. Fries, Sum. Veg. Scand. p. 53. 

 U. campestris, var. /3, suberosa, Koch. Syn. Fl. Grerm. et Helv. ed. ii. p. 734. Gren. 



& Godr. Fl. de Fr. Vol. III. p. 105. Non Linn. 



Leaves acute or shortly acuminate, doubly serrate. Flowers shortly 



VOL. VIII. T 



