conifer;!!:. 273 



or subterminal catkins, reduced to naked stamens: antlK i--(ells 3 to (I, 

 attached to the lower edge of a subsessile scale (connective ?). Female 

 flowers in ovoid catkins, consisting of 3 to G scales, each scale bearing- 

 1 to 3 erect ovules, which are produced into a tube at the apex. 

 Fruit a false berry (galbide), formed by the 3 or (I ui)permost scales 

 becoming enlargetl, fleshy, and completely coherent at maturity, and 

 enclosing the;s©6d'^- Seeds 1 to 3, angular, not winged, with a bony 

 testa; albumen fleshy; cotyledons 2 ; radicle superior. 



Resinous evergreen shrubs or trees, with naked buds and verticillate 

 linear-strapshaped often pungent leaves, or witli imbricated minute 

 scalelike leaves. Wood* eells^ with disks, but without spiral markings. 



Dr. MajTie gives us the derivation of the name of this genus thus : " as if Jilrc'- 

 vi perns, from jwvenis, young; pario, to bi'ing forth, because it brings fortli new or 

 young berries while the old are in a matured state." 



SPECIES I.-J UN I PERU S COMMUNIS. L-'^. 

 Plates MCCCLXXXII. MCCCLXXXIII. 



Young branches angulated. Buds scaly. Leaves channeled above, 

 3 in a whorl, articulated at the base, bluntly keeled beneath, rigid, 

 strapshaped, acute, pungent. Galbule subglobose, not exceeding the 

 leaves, 3-tuberculate at the apex, purplish-black, pruinose. 



Sub-Sprcies I.— Juniperus eu-communis. 

 Plate MCCCLXXXII. 



Txeich. Ic. Fl. Germ, et Helv. Vol. XI. Tab. DXXXV. Fig. 1111. 

 Bniof, Fl. Gall, et Germ. Exsicc. No. 243. 

 J. communis, Willd. And. Plnr. 



J. communis, var. a, Hool: & Am. Brit. Fl. ed. viii. p. 420. Brnfh. Handbk. Brit. 

 Fl. ed. ii. p. 431. Fries, Summ. Veg. Scand. p. 50. 



Erect. Leaves when mature spreading, straight, strapsha])ed, 

 channeled, insensibly attenuated to the pungent apex. Galbule sub- 

 globular, much shorter than the leaves. 



On downs, h'e^lis, hills, and woods. Local, but widely distributed. 

 Tn England it iJ' common in chalk and limestone districts; conunon 

 on moors and the Iciwer parts of mountains in the north. Local, but 

 widely distributetf in L-eland. 



Enoland, Scotland, L'cland. Shrub. Early Summer. 



An erect much branched shrub, 2 to 4 feet high, or rarely more, 

 with very numerous si)i-eading branches, and brown flaky bark, the 

 young shoots very much angulated. Leaves very numerous, -^ to v 



VOL. VIII. N N 



I 



