8 THE AMERICAN BISONS. 
2? Lophiodon bathygnathus OWEN, Cat. Fos. Mam. etc. Mus. Roy. Col. Surg., 197, 1845. 
2? Harlanus americanus OWEN, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1846, 96; Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., I, 18, 
pl. vi, 1847; Amer. Journ. Sci. & Arts, 2d Ser., IM, 125, 1847. 
Great Indian Buffalo, Pnave, Philos. Mag., 1803, 825; Hist. Disq. on the Mammoth, 84, 1803. 
Aurochs, Cuvier, Ann. du Mus. @’Hist. Nat., XII, 382, pl. xxxiv, fig. 2, 1808; Ossem. Fos., IV, 50, pl. iii, 
fig. 2, 1812; 2d. Ed., 1824; 3d Ed., 143, pl. xii, fig 2, 1825; 4th Ed., VI, 287, pl. xxii, fig. 2, 1835 
(the American specimen only). 
Great Fossil Ox, sp. latifrons, GopMAM, Am. Nat. Hist., I, 248, pl., 1828. 
Fossil Ox, CARPENTER, Amer. Journ. Sci. & Arts, 2d Ser., I, 245, figs. 1, 2, 1846; 3d Ser., X, p. 386, 
1875. 
? Ox, CourER, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1842, 217. 
Beuf fossile & cornes disposces presque horizontalement, etc., Fausas, Ann. du Mus., II, 190, 1803; Essais 
de Géolovie, I. 329, pl. xvii (only the reference to the American specimen). 
The present species of Bison seems to be well distinguished from all others 
of the genus, either living or extinct, by its gigantic size, far exceeding 
even the Bison priscus of the Old World. Our knowledge of it rests at pres- 
ent on portions of three skulls. Other remains have been attributed to it, 
but most of them apparently improperly. For a long time the species was 
known only from the original specimen first made known by Peale, and sub- 
sequently redescribed by Harlan and Leidy, under the names respectively of 
Bos lalifrons and Bison latifrons. The second specimen was found in Texas 
and described by Dr. Carpenter in 1846, simply as the skull of an extinct 
ox. Dr. Leidy subsequently referred it to the Bison latifrons. The third 
specimen, consisting of a pair of horn-cores, found together but disconnected, 
was recently dug up in Adams County, Ohio, and was first noticed in 
the American Journal of Science (November, 1875), as the remains of a 
gigantic extinct ox. Dr. Leidy has described and figured at different times 
several molar teeth that seem to have belonged to the same species, but 
other remains latterly doubtfully attributed to the same form belong to a 
smaller species. 
Dr. Leidy’s very excellent description of the first specimen is as follows: 
“The Bison latifrons is established upon the fragment of cranium before re- 
ferred to, presented by Dr. Samuel Brown to the American Philosophical 
Society. The specimen consists of the hinder portion of the cranium with 
a fragment fourteen inches in length of the left horn-core, and indicates a 
species as large as the existing arnee, or buffalo (Budalus buffelus Gray), of 
India and Java. The sutures of the remaining bones of the specimen are 
anchylosed; but the positions of the frontal and fronto-parietal sutures 
are yet distinguishable as slightly elevated zigzag lines. The form of 
