THE AMERICAN BISONS. oD 
istic of our plains, will soon be known only in history, and are well worthy 
of consultation by any one interested in the subjects he there delineates. 
Audubon’s illustrations are faithful likenesses, and the scenes and figures 
given in Schooleraft’s work may also be examined with profit; the most 
accurate figures, however, are those given by Cuvier and Geoffroy. 
Fossil Remains. — The remains of the American bison in a fossil or semi- 
fossil condition have been found sparingly over a wide area, but no instance 
is at present known of their discovery beyond the known limits of its range 
at the time of the earliest explorations of the continent. In the National 
Museum at Washington are semifossil remains from Colorado, collected by 
Major Powell, and from Kansas, collected by Dr. Hayden. I have found a 
fossil tooth of this species in Central Iowa, and have received from Mr. 
Orestes H. St. John a fossil astragalus from the banks of the Big Blue River 
in Kansas. Professor Wyman has reported its remains from the mounds of 
the Lead Region in Wisconsin and Iowa ; Dr. Leidy has figured a tooth from 
the Lead crevices of Jo Daviess County, Illinois, and also from the Ashley 
River, South Carolina.* Professor Baird has reported the existence of its 
fossil remains in the caverns of Central Pennsylvania. The alleged occur- 
rence of its remains at Gardner, Maine, proves, however, to be probably 
erroneous, as will be shown further on. + 
Its bones have also been found in large quantities about the Salt Licks of 
the Ohio Valley, especially at Big-bone Lick, Kentucky. The accumulations 
at the last-named locality date back to remote times, since in the lower 
strata of these bone-deposits are found the bones of Mastodon americanus, 
Megalonyz, Elephas, an extinct species of Equus, and an extinct species of 
Ovibos, but, according to Professor Shaler, the bones of Bison americanus 
occur only in the more superficial strata, which are composed almost solely 
of the remains of this animal. These remains differ, as before stated 
(p. 33), in no appreciable respect, in form or in size, from those of the 
recent bison of the Plains.t The only difference of note consists in the 
very different manner of the wearing of the molar teeth. In the recent 
* In both instances doubtfully referred by Dr. Leidy to Bison latifrons. 
t See the chapter on the Geographical Distribution of the American Bison. 
{ A skull from Big-bone Lick (No. 2047, M. C. Z.) presents the greatest convexity of the forehead 
(see Plate V, figs. 5, 6) of any I have met with, but does not differ in other respects from ordinary exam- 
ples. On the other hand, other Big-bone Lick skulls exhibit the usual degree of flatness. No 2050 has 
unusually large horn-cores, but is not in other respects distinguishable from average recent examples. 
