84 THE AMERICAN BISONS. 
Peter Kalm says: “ Wild cattle are” [1749] “abundant in the southern | 
parts of Canada, and have been there from time immemorial. They are 
plentiful in those parts, particularly where the Illinois Indians live, which are 
nearly in the latitude of Philadelphia; but further north they are seldom 
observed.” * In respect to this passage it is almost needless to add that the 
portion of Canada here mentioned is the present State of Llinois. 
Ogilby says: “Towards the South of New York are many Buflles, Beasts 
they have broad branching Horns like a Stag, short Tail, rough Neck, Hair 
colored according to the several seasons,” etc. The animals here called Bufiles 
were of course elks, showing again that the use of the term Jduffles does not 
necessarily imply a reference to the buffalo. The same writer, however, in 
his description of Maryland, says: “In the upper parts of the Country are 
Buffaloes, Elks, Tygers, Bears, Wolves, Racoons, and many other sorts of 
Beasts.” | What portion of the country may have been referred to as the 
“upper parts of the Country” is uncertain, but the preceding narratives of 
exploration, on which Ogilby’s work is based, make no mention of the exist- 
ence of the buffalo in the region now known as Maryland. 
Father Andrew White, in “An Account of the Colony of the Lord Baron 
of Baltimore, in Maryland, near Virginia,” published in 1677, in his account 
of the animals previously quoted (p. 78, footnote), says: “There are also 
vast herds of cows and wild oxen, fit for beasts of burden and good to eat. 
.... The nearest woods are full of horses and wild bulls and cows. Five 
or six thousand of the skins of these animals are carried every year to Saville, 
from that part of the country which lies westward towards New Mexico.” It 
is evident that this reference to herds of wild cattle refers not at all to the 
buffalo, nor even to the region of country now known as Maryland, but to 
the Spanish Possessions in the southwest, whence the exportation of hides of 
the domestic cattle to Spain had long before begun. § 
Professor E. D. Cope,|| however, recently says: “Of the Ruminants [of 
Maryland], the bison (Bos americanus) and the elk (Cervus canadensis), the 
* Kalm’s Travels in N. America, Forster’s Translation, Vol. II, p. 60. 
{ Ogilby’s America, pp. 172, 186 (London, 1681). 
f Translation of Father White’s “ Account,” in Force’s Coll. Hist. Tracts, Vol. IV, No. 12, pp. 6, 7. 
§ See Clavigero’s History of Mexico, Cullen’s English Translation, Vol. II, p. 308, where Clavigero 
states, on the authority of Acosta, that in 1587 sixty-four thousand three hundred and fifty ox hides were 
taken to Spain, so rapidly had the domestic cattle increased in Mexico. 
|| New Top. Map of Maryland, p. 16, 1873. 
