54 Proceedings. 



amongst the siirrouucling peat. On the same mountain Hme- 

 stone-caps, at an elevation of 1000-1500 ft., Cardamine 

 pratensis abounds ; not growing, it is true, to the height it 

 reaches in our meadow-trenches ; but, though stunted in 

 height, it is sturdy in growth, and evidently has no idea of 

 extermination. Caltha palustris likewise ranges from Cornwall 

 to the Orkneys, and from sea-level to 3000 ft. elevation. 



2, English. — Over 400 species are more or less abundant 

 in England, especially in the southern and midland counties, 

 but becomes rarer as the Scotch border is approached ; some 

 of them reaching no further north than Yorkshire or West- 

 morland, whilst others are spread in small numbers through 

 the lowlands of Scotland, or struggle even so far as Forfar 

 and Aberdeen. These are plants of the great Central European 

 plain. It may be of interest to mention the range northward 

 of some of the wild flowers which abound in Surrey, and 

 which belong to the English type of distribution. 



Viola odorata is a plant of the EngUsh type, reaching 

 Yorkshu-e and Westmorland, but being an alien in the low- 

 lands of Scotland. 



Acer campestre, Aspenda cynanchica, Cnicu^ acaulis, Chlora 

 perfoliata, Verbena officinalis, Lamium Galeobdolon, Euphorbia 

 amygdaloides, Spirnnthes autumnalis, Cephalanthera pallens, Iris 

 fatidissima, Colchicum autumnale, Tamus communis, Sagilturia 

 saqittifolia, and Butomus umbellatus are examples of plants of 

 the English type of distribution whose northern limit is found 

 between the Humber and Cheviots. It will be noticed that 

 many of these are chalk-loving plants, and the absence of 

 chalk in Scotland is doubtless one of the causes of their not 

 having spread northward. 



Amongst those which occur in Scotland, but so sparingly 

 as not to entitle them to rank as of the British type of distri- 

 bution, may be mentioned Genista tinctoria, Campanula 

 Trachelium, Scabiosa columbaria, Lactuca mwalis, Solonum 

 nigrum, Linaria minor, and Nephrodium Thelypteris. 



The 3rd type of distribution is the Scotch, which is just 

 the converse of the English ; that is to say, it comprises 

 plants which are most numerous in Scotland, some of which 



