Proceedinys, 55 



cross the border, but become less abundant in the northern 

 counties of England or are absent from them. These northern 

 plants spreading southward are less numerous than the south- 

 ern species that spread northward. About 40 come under 

 this heading, and few of these are found in Surrey ; though 

 one or two reach the southern coast, such as Habenaria 

 albida in Sussex, and Polypodium Dvyopteris and Phegopteris, 

 the range of which extends to Cornwall. 



The greater number of plants characteristic of Scotland 

 (about 200) are referred to the 4th type, the Highland ; but 

 these reappear for the most part on the Welsh Mountains. 

 Many of these species are found also on the mountains of 

 Scandinavia, some extending eastward to the Alps, the Hima- 

 layas, and the Eocky Mountains. 



About 30 species intermediate between the Scotch and the 

 Highland types of distribution are found mainly in the moun- 

 tainous regions of the north of England, nearly all of them 

 occurring in that remarkably rich district. Upper Teesdale, on 

 the borders of Durham, Westmorland, and Yorkshire. Many 

 of these are plants of special interest and beauty, and I cannot 

 forbear naming some of them. Aquilegia vulgaris and Pole- 

 monium caruleum are well known in gardens (the former 

 reaches south to Surrey), and Potentilla fruticosa is sometimes 

 grown. Amongst the surprises of plant-distribution is the 

 appearance of this last-named by the Tees-side, where it forms 

 a bush several feet in height, with yellow blossoms. It grows 

 also in the West of Ireland, as well as through North and 

 Mid-Europe, Siberia, and the Himalayas, and on basaltic 

 rocks on the shores of Lake Superior, and amongst the 

 Eocky Mountains. The yellow Saxifraga Hirculus is another 

 Teesdale rarity ; but the chief beauties of the intermediate 

 type are Primula farinosa and Gentiana verna. No lover of 

 plants who has seen these sprinkling the grassy banks as 

 daisies sprinkle our lawns can recall them without enthusiasm. 



5. Germanic. — About 130 species whicli might otherwise be 

 described as English are very much restricted in their range 

 to the eastern counties, some of them not extending at all 

 beyond the eastern counties, others occurring abundantly in 



