Proceedings. 27 



in the bind limb, for the great joint which projects behind, 

 and looks something like a knee pointing the wrong way, 

 really answers to our heel, the animal, like the rest of the 

 Ungulates, being perched on tip-toe. 



The fact that some of the ungulate feet are what is called 

 cloven divides the order into two groups. Now the difference 

 between the cloven and the uncloven hoof is this. The middle 

 or third digit of each foot has each of its sides similar, so that 

 the whole is complete in itself just as each half of one's head is 

 like the other, and both make a complete head, and on each 

 side of this digit the other digits, similar in form to the first, 

 are placed. But in the cloven hoof the third digit is lob- 

 sided, and the fourth is also lob -sided, but reversed, and so 

 faces the third, thus making a pair. The other digits are 

 either like the third or fourth, according to which side they 

 are on. The uncloven kind includes the Horse, Rhinoceros, 

 and Tapir, while the cloven-footed are further divided into 

 " cud-chewers," or ruminating animals, as the Ox, Deer, 

 Sheep, Camel, and Giraffe ; and those which do not ruminate, 

 as the Pig and Hippopotamus. 



The stomach of the ruminating animals is peculiar in 

 structure. The stomach of the Camel has a curious apparatus. 

 Part of its surface is studded with little pockets with a very 

 narrow opening. These strain off the moisture which is not 

 wanted at the time, and store it for future use. The pockets 

 close so completely that it is said the stomach of a dissected 

 Camel may be dragged about the floor without a drop of the 

 water getting out. 



The Cetacea, which are popularly supposed to be fish, 

 include the Whales, Dolphins, and Porpoises. They are very 

 far removed, both in their habits and structure, from fish. 

 They most certainly do not lay eggs ; they feed their young 

 ones with milk. They have the four-chambered heart of the 

 Mammalia ; and their limbs, though unlike the ordinary type 

 of Mammal, are very far indeed from being fins. The tail, 

 which is the principal organ of locomotion, is a thick flap of 

 skin, and this is horizontal, and not vertical, as in the fishes. 



The order of Carnivora, or flesh-eating animals, to which 



