id. * 
this age occurs with similar fossils.* -Of older date than 
the above, belonging probably to the glacial period, when 
extreme cold prevailed over Europe generally, is a very 
extensive deposit of drift, occupying a wide area over the 
county, and notably N. and N.W. as far as Birmingham, 
and west of Warwick. Rounded pebbles and boulders of 
various sizes and diverse mineral composition, are scattered 
in more or less abundance over the whole of this tract. 
There are boulders of sandstone, quartz pebbles, chalk 
and flints, oolites, some lias, carboniferous limestone, 
pebbles of lower Silurian age, containing some remarkable 
fossils identical with those which occur in similar pebbles 
in the New Red Sandstone at Buddleigh Salterton in 
Devonshire.+ Their presence in the Warwickshire drift 
may be accounted for in this way: Probably, up to the 
glacial epoch the upper New Red Marls existed in many 
places in situ and were for the most part denuded by the 
various oscillations and great changes of level which then 
took place ; and the lower Silurian pebbles contained in it, 
* I am informed by Mr. Rainbow that in a gravel pit in the parish of Tachbrook 
many bones, some of them of large size, and an elephant’s tooth have been occa- 
sionally found, though none of them have been preserved. The larger bones no doubt 
belonged to some of the now extinct (in this country) mammalia of the period, the 
tooth was in so friable a condition that it fell to pieces on exposure to the air. It is 
well to note all the places in this district where such fossils occur in the drift, because 
hitherto only a few have been recorded. Some specimens which he kindly sent to me 
were too imperfect to be determined, except a single plate of an elephant’s tooth. 
+ It should be noted here, that most of the fossils in the Buddleigh pebbles have 
been determined by Mr, Davidson to belong to the Devonian, and very few to be of 
older date; but the few which I have discovered in the Warwickshire drift are of 
lower Silurian species, identical with the Devonshire ones A lingula, which is of a 
peculiar form, which I lately found at Rowington in a quartzose pebble, he considerd 
to be quite new and distinct from any he had seen from Buddleigh. In the west of 
England the source of the lower Silurian pebbles seems to have been nearer, some, as 
Mr. Etheridge points out, being derived from north Devon; but it is possible that 
during the deposition of the Trias in Warwickshire, the same Silurian rocks may have 
had a partial extension in this direction, otherwise it is difficult to account for their 
origin and presence in the New Red Sandstone of this district. The fossils are very 
scarce, but quartzite and sandstone siliceou’s pebbles are abundant and widely dis- 
tributed. Any how, it is not easy to account for the occurrence of what appear to be 
really older Silurian fossils in the drift here identical with the few species of that 
“age recognised at Buddleigh Salterton, 
