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copious list of the families, genera, and species to which 
they may be referred, both in Amber and Anemé, among 
which are many new species, and some new genera. The 
latter gum is quoted chiefly from India. As this is a 
comparatively modern substance, the new genera and 
species, though previously unknown to Entomologists, might 
very well be so, since numerous living forms in that vast 
continent must be yet undiscovered, and there is no reason 
to suppose that the new ones in Anemé are not still living 
on the spot where it is formed. 
The fossil Insects found abundantly in the freshwater 
calcareous marl at Aix, in Provence, are many of them still 
living in the vicinity, though probably of Eocene age, or 
later. With reference to them, Mr. Curtis remarks that 
‘they are all of European forms, and are referable to 
existing genera, and there is nothing in the character of the 
insects to warrant the supposition of a higher temperature 
than that of the south of France.’* 
It is necessary to be cautious about many of the fossils 
stated to occur in Amber, because it appears from what 
Professor Westwood tells me that much has been written 
and many species described as Amber insects and plants, 
which in fact were found in gum anemé, a modern deposit 
going on at the present day. It exudes from the stem of a 
North American tree, the ‘Rhus Copalina,’ so closely 
resembling Amber, that only a practised eye could detect the 
difference ; and of course the fossils embedded in it would be- 
long to living genera and species. It is much to be regretted 
* At page 100 of my work on ‘Fossil Insects,’ I have pointed out that the Purbeck 
Insects are many of them allied to European forms, while the Lias are more nearly 
related to those which now inhabit North America, and both bear an absolute 
analogy to existing forms, which considering their age is remarkable, and so far 
indeed the Insects even of more remote Geological epochs, and really of very 
great antiquity, differ from the contemporary forms of animal life associated with 
them, which are for the most part new and extinct. But though the Purbeck and 
Lias Insects are thus allied to living European and North American forms, many 
are new and cannot like the later Tertiary Insects, be absolutely identified with 
species still in existence. 
