Notes on the Geology of South Ferriby. 55 
low tide, when there is no great accumulation of mud, this bed 
can be distinctly traced close to the water’s edge. It protrudes 
from beneath the Lower or Grey chalk, the beds of which at this 
point are ata high angle, due to the chalk having slipped towards 
the Humber in pre-glacial times. From this bed of Red Chalk a’ 
copious supply of fresh water is constantly flowing, and can be 
seen as clear water rising when the muddy waters of the estuary 
are covering them. 
From this Red Chalk a number of fine Terebratula biplicata, 
Belemnites minimus, Inocerami, and other characteristic forms can 
be collected. There is also an exceptionally large number of 
sponges (Ventriculites,) apparently occurring here far more 
abundantly than in the Yorkshire sections of the same rock. 
The bed evidently rises towards the west, as it again occurs 
near the horse-pond in the village, and at the bottom of the hill 
just opposite the blacksmith’s shop. After avery heavy shower 
of rain, when the roads have been well scoured, I have seen it 
quite plainly crossing the road at the foot of the hill leading into 
Ferriby village from Barton, just below where the old pin-fold 
used to be. Further on in the village, in Mr. Havercroft’s 
paddock, immediately east of the church, it can be traced, and the 
small Belemnites can be collected just above the spring at the side 
of the wood. The Red Chalk in the village contains a number of 
small pebbles, resembling those in the Carstone, evidently point- 
ing to the beds being well down in the series. 
With regard to the chalk proper: most excellent sections 
occur in the three or four enormous pits near the Humber side, as 
well as in smaller quarries on the high road between South 
_ Ferriby and Barton. 
The quarries on the Humber side are perhaps the most 
_ interesting of the kind that we know of; and whilst they un- 
_doubtedly owe their present large size to the working in modern 
times, there can be little doubt that they are of very great 
antiquity. In all probability the Romans, who were always so 
ready to utilise local stone for a variety of purposes, were the first 
to open out the northern slope of the Lincolnshire wolds, and 
made the beginnings of the quarries which more modern require- 
ments and appliances have so largely developed. Certainly the 
