Notes on the Geology of South Ferriby. 63 
the great ice-sheet which did so much in forming the present 
superficial features of eastern England. In its final stages it left 
this huge rubbish heap, and if we examine it closely we shall be 
able to find in it many objects worthy of attention. 
In the first place it will be seen that there are two distinct 
boulder-clays. Towards the chalk-pit, on the beach and at the foot 
of the cliffs, is a very hard purple boulder clay, crowded with 
stones. Upon this rests a foxey-red clay, of more earthly texture 
and with fewer pebbles. The latter forms the principal part of the 
cliff. There are also various beds of sand and gravel and clay, 
which it will be as well to notice in detail. At one or two points 
as already stated, the pre-glacial Humber floor is seen at the foot 
of the cliffs, thus affording a good opportunity of studying 
the relationship of the different deposits. 
The cliff line now being considered is under a mile in length. 
At its north-eastern end it is 15 feet in height, gradually rising to 
20 feet in the middle. It then gently falls towards the Hall, and 
changes from clay to chalky gravel, sand, and finally sandy silt. 
The cliffs towards the south western end are not more than three 
or four feet in height above the beach. ‘The general shape of the 
_ cliffs has been altered towards the middle by the extraction of 
_ gravel. Years ago Mr. Walker worked a large amount of chalky 
_ gravel from the field adjoining Chad’s well on the west.* The 
result was the cliffs at this point were reduced from about fourteen 
feet in height to four feet. 
As regards the direction of movement of the ice which 
_ formed this morainic ridge, a careful examination of the various 
evidences in the cliff confirms the views which have already been 
put forward. Some few years ago, on the top of the rock 
_ just above the beach, I noticed a slab of chalk which was most 
distinctly ice-marked. It was firmly embedded in the loose chalky 
~tubble which occurs immediately on the top of the solid rock. 
The striations on this chalk were from the north east.{ The 
=I can just remember this gravel pit, and the planks which were 
put up the side of the excavation for the convenience of people walking 
along the cliff edge. This would be over 20 years ago. It has now been 
almost levelled by the plough. 
{Geological Rambles in East Yorkshire, p. 173, 
