88 Lincolnshive Liverworts. 
Among the spores there are often elaters, which are elongated 
spirally-marked cells, formerly supposed to aid in the dissemin- 
ation of the spores, though this isnow considered to be doubt ful. 
About 4,000 species of Liverworts are known to exist, and of 
these 230 or thereabouts are found in Great Britian. In Lincoln- 
shire the conditions—intense cultivation with general absence of 
rocks, shade, etc..—are for the most part unfavourable to the 
growth of these plants; but from woods and ditches, from walls 
and trees, some 43 species have been gathered. Large quantities 
of Pellia and Fegatella are often found, but the quantity of most 
species found in one place is commonly small. 
Four of the sub-orders are represented in the County :— 
Jungermannie, including both frondose and foliaceous forms 
“fruit,” (Sporogonium) solitary, four-valved, valves _ splitting 
rarely torn, elaters present. 
Marchantiacee, frondose, with somewhat complicated spore- 
bearing structures called Capitula, capsules with short stems 
split four to eight times at the apex, elaters present. 
Ricciaceew, frondose, fruit without valves and usually immersed 
in the frond, dehiscing irregularly ; elaters absent. 
(The fourth sub-order, the Anthocerotaceee, which are frondose, 
the frond being thick and more or less orbicular, bearing a 
pod-like fruit without elaters, is not, so far as is yet known, 
represented in Lincolnshire.) 
The list drawn up by Miss S. C. Stow, of Grantham, the 
Secretary of the Cryptogamic Section of the Lincolnshire Field 
Naturalists’ Union is given below :— 
MARCHANTIA POLYMORPHA L 
Not uncommon in the County. 
Divs; 2;:3,4)5;9 7,8, 7 10, 213). 1b. 
FEGATELLA CONICA, Corda, (CONOCEPHALUS). 
Common in the County. 
Dive, 20,4, 7.8; 9; LO) it, oamto, 
