The Lincolnshive Keuper Escarpment. 167 
hardened, by gypsum, as it is at Gainsborough, Gate Burton, and 
Newton, there would have been no need of the Roman banks ; and 
the land on the west of Lincoln could not have been worn down 
by floods to its present low level; and even the fen land on the 
east of the city (though kept alive by the overflowing tides of the 
Wash, and fed by other rivers beside the Witham), might, for 
lack of supply from the Trent floods, and probably would, have 
borne a very different aspect. 
Lineolnshire Rock Specimens. 
A collection of the above is being made, and arranged in the 
City and County Museum at Lincoln. Among those already 
- acquired is a series that show the geological position of the 
_ Keupers, so well described in the foregoing article by Mr. F. M. 
Burton, F.G.S. 
7 A series of specimens from the Boring at Boultham (presented 
by the Lincoln Waterworks Committee), shows that the Keuper 
is met with at 669 feet below the surface, in the valley of the 
Witham, and at that point is 868 feet in thickness. At Newton 
Cliff, about eleven miles westward of Lincoln, the Keuper out- 
crops and gives the name to that area, standing above the ‘Trent 
some fifty feet or more. Mr. T.S. Bavin has presented a series of 
_ specimens from a bore made to locate coal in which the Keuper 
_ is found to be at the West of the County 850 feet in thickness. 
s Another series of specimens consist of the red and grey marls, 
and selected pieces of gypsum taken from the cliff itself at the 
point illustrated in Mr. Preston’s photograph. Visitors to the 
Museum are therefore able to see actual specimens of this forma- 
tion, also their relative position as shown in two instances, by the 
very deep borings at Boultham and Collingham, Mr. Burton has 
also presented an interesting ripple-marked slab, or waterstone, 
from the Keuper, which is placed in the same case. It should be 
noted that the “dip” of this formation is shown by the two 
borings. ‘The Keuper standing 50 feet above the surface at 
Newton, is at Lincoln 669 feet below the surface, in the valley. 
The distance between the two points being about eleven miles. 
Ae SMITH, 
