THE DISTRIBUTION OF EAST RIDING PLANTS. 39 



(e) The fields, woods, and lanes of Holderness may be 

 grouped together, although if strict nicety were observed the 

 three might have distinct groups apportioned to each, and 

 the groups would further vary as the soil, which is easily 

 divisible into two kinds at least : viz., clayey, and gravelly, 

 or sandy (see in the physiographical sketch, supra). Indeed, 

 nothing is more striking and remarkable than the xero- 

 phile (dry-loving) island-like groups that appear amidst 

 the surrounding pelophile vegetation of Holderness. The 

 account of the morainic gravels will explain this, and the two 

 following lists will illustrate : — 



1. Pelophiles — Ranunculus ficaria, R. auricomus, Stellaria 

 Holostea, Lychnis diurna, Epilobium hirsutum and E. parvi- 

 florum. Viburnum opulus, Eupatorium cannabinum, Helmin- 

 thia echioides, Tussilago Farfara, Senecio aquaticus, Pulicaria 

 dysenterica. Convolvulus arvensis, Lysimachia nemorum, 

 Primula veris (exceedingly common, whilst the primrose is 

 almost a rarity in Holderness), Solanum dulcamara. Orchis 

 mascula, Alisma Plantago, Carex glauca, C. panicea, C. 

 C. vulpina, and C. riparia, Ophioglossum vulgatum, Equi- 

 setum maximum, and E. arvense. 



2. Xerophiles (on the glacial gravels) — Hypericum 

 humifusum, Erodium circutarium, Trifolium arvense, Vicia 

 lathyroides, Conium maculatum, Anthriscus vulgaris, and 

 Marrubium vulgare. 



(fj The fields (including commons), lanes, and woods, of 

 Derwentland — a great tract of sandy alluvium. In this area 

 we have naturally a predominance of the arenophiles, but not 

 of the sea-side sort (halophytes), or of the xerophiles like 

 those of the chalk or morainic gravels. The leading 

 characters of the arenophiles seem to be a certain diminutive- 

 ness of size, wiriness of structure, and a certain hairiness, 

 the latter, however, much less the case than in the xero- 

 philous vegetation of the chalk. The following, not found at 

 all in Holderness or on the Wolds, or only very sparingly 

 there, are good examples of this arenophilous association : — 

 Corydalis claviculata, Arabis Thaliana, Erophila vulgaris, 

 Teesdalia nudicaulis, Cerastium semi-decandrum, Silene 

 noctiflora, Hypericum humifusum, Radiola linoides, Saxifraga 

 tridactylites, S. granulata (the only saxifrages found in the 

 East Riding, but very commonly there). Genista anglica, 

 Ornithopus perpusillus, Vicia lathyroides, Trifolium filiformis, 

 Centunculus minimus, Myosotis coUina and M. versicolor. 



