WORK IN PALZONTOLOGY 132 
ary or intermediate periods of from three to five 
million years each — “a duration infinitely small 
relative to those required for all the changes of the 
earth’s surface.” 
He refers in an appreciative way to the first special 
treatise on fossil shells ever published, that of an 
Englishman named Brander,* who collected the shells 
“out of the cliffs by the sea-coast between Christ 
Church and Lymington, but more especially about 
the cliffs by the village of Hordwell,” where the strata 
are filled with these fossils. Lamarck, working upon 
collections of tertiary shells from Grignon and also 
from Courtagnon near Reims, with the aid of Bran- 
der’s work showed that these beds, not known to 
be Eocene, extended into Hampshire, England; thus 
being the first to correlate by their fossils, though 
in a limited way to be sure, the tertiary beds of 
France with those of England. 
How he at a later period (1805) regarded fossils 
beds of fossil shells on the land present the closest possible analogy 
to the flow of the present sea, so that it becomes impossible to doubt 
that the accidents, such as broken and worn shells, which have affected 
the fossil organisms, arose from precisely the same causes as those of 
exactly the same nature that still befall their successors on the existing 
ocean bottom. On the other hand, Geikie observes that it must be 
acknowledged ‘‘ that Guettard does not seem to have had any clear 
ideas of the sequence of formations and of geological structures.” 
* Scheuchzer’s ‘‘ Complaint and Vindication of the Fishes” (Pisczum 
Querelae et Vindiciae, Germany, 1708), ‘‘a work of zodlogical merit, 
in which he gave some good plates and descriptions of fossil fish”’ 
(Lyell). Gesner’s treatise on pretrefactions preceded Lamarck’s work 
in this direction, as did Brander’s Fossidlia Hantoniensia, published 
in 1766, which contained ‘‘ excellent figures of fossil shells from the 
more modern (or Eocene) marine strata ‘of Hampshire. In his opinion 
fossil animals and testacea were, for the most part, of unknown 
species, and of such as were known the living analogues now belonged 
to southern latitudes” (Lyell’s Principles, eighth edition, p. 46). 
