154 LAMARCK, HIS LIFE AND WORK 
another, and though stratigraphic boundaries are 
often barriers confining the persistence of some form, 
still this is not an absolute rule, since the species in 
nowise appear in their entirety.” * At present the 
persistence of genera like Saccamina, Lingula, Cera- 
todus, etc., from one age to another, or even through 
two or more geological ages, is well known, while 
Atrypa reticulatus, a species of world-wide distribu- 
tion, lived from near the beginning of the Upper 
Silurian to the Waverly or beginning of the Carbonif- 
erous age. 
Such were the views of the distinguished founder 
of vertebrate paleontology. When we compare the 
fydrogéologie of Lamarck with Cuvier’s Dzscours, we 
see, though some erroneous views, some very fantas- 
tic conceptions are held, in common with others of 
his time, in regard to changes of level of the land 
and the origin of the crystalline rocks, that it did 
contain the principles upon which modern palzontol- 
ogy is founded, while those of Cuvier are now in 
the limbo—so densely populated—of exploded, ill- 
founded theories. 
Our claim that Lamarck should share with Cuvier 
the honor of being a founder of paleontology t+ is 
* Bernard’s (History and Methods of Paleontological Discovery 
(1879), p. 23. 
+ In his valuable and comprehensive Geschichte der Geologie und 
Paléontologie (1899), Prof. K. von Zittel, while referring to Lamarck’s 
works on the tertiary shells of Paris and his Aztmaax sans Vertebres, 
also giving a just and full account of his life, practically gives him the 
credit of being one of the founders of invertebrate paleontology. He 
speaks of him as ‘‘ the reformer and founder of scientific conchology,” 
and states that ‘‘ he defined with wonderful acuteness the numerous 
genera and species of invertebrate animals, and created thereby for 
the ten years following an authoritative foundation.” Zittel, how- 
