186 LAMARCK, HIS LIFE AND WORK 
drudgery or render material aid, and then, in some 
cases, neglecting to give them proper credit. 
The first memoir or paper published on a zodlogi- 
cal subject by Lamarck was a modest one on shells, 
which appeared in 1792 in the Journal ad’ Histoire 
naturelle, the editors of which were Lamarck, Bru- 
guiére, Olivier, Hatiy, and Pelletier. This paper was 
areview of an excellent memoir by Bruguiére, who 
preceded Lamarck in the work of dismemberment of 
the Linnzan genera. His next paper was on four 
new species of Helix. To this /ournal, of which 
only two volumes were published, Cuvier contrib- 
uted his first paper—namely, on some new species 
of ‘‘ Cloportes ”’ (Oniscus, a genus of terrestrial crus- 
tacea or “ pill-bugs’’); this was followed by his second 
memoir on the anatomy of the limpet, his next arti- 
cle being descriptions of two species of flies from his 
collection ‘of insects.* Seven years later Lamarck 
* These papers have been mercilessly criticised by Blainville in his 
‘*Cuvier et Geoffroy St. Hilaire.” In the second article—7.e., on the 
anatomy of the limpet—Cuvier, in considering the organs, follows no 
definite plan ; he gives a description ‘* fout-a-fait fantastiqgue”’ of the 
muscular fibres of the foot, and among other errors in this first essay 
on comparative anatomy he mistakes the tongue for the intromittent 
organ ; the salivary glands, and what is probably part of the brain, 
being regarded as the testes, with other ‘‘ erreurs matérielles incon- 
cevables, méme a L’époque ou elle fut rédigée.” In his first article he 
mistakes a species of the myriapod genus Glomeris for the isopod 
genus Armadillo. In this he is corrected by the editor (possibly La- 
marck himself), who remarks in a footnote that the forms to which M. 
Cuvier refers under the name of Armadillo are veritable species of 
Julus. We have verified these criticisms of Cuvier by reference to his 
papers in the ‘‘ Journal.” It is of interest to note, as Blainville does, 
that Cuvier at this period admits that there is a passage from the 
Isopoda to the armadilloes and Julus. Cuvier, then twenty-three 
years old, wrote: ‘‘ Vous sommes donc descendus par degrés, des 
screvisses aux Sguilles, de celles-ci aux Aselles, puis aux Cloportes, 
aux Armadilles et aux Llules” (Journal a’ Hist, nat., tom. ii., p. 29, 
