LAMARCK’S THEORY OF DESCENT 327 
The author then states that these emotions of the 
organic sense may operate in the animals and in man 
either without or with an act of their will. 
“From what has been said, we cannot doubt but 
that the inner and general feeling which urges the 
animals possessing a nervous system fitted for feeling 
should be susceptible of being aroused by the causes 
which affect it; moreover, these causes are always 
the need both of satisfying hunger, of escaping dan- 
gers, of avoiding pain, of seeking pleasure, or that 
which is agreeable to the individual, etc. 
“The emotions of the inner feeling can only be 
recognized by man, who alone pays attention to 
them, but he only perceives those which are strong, 
which excite his whole being, such as a view from a 
Precipice, a tragic scene, etc.” 
Lamarck then divides the emotions into physical 
and moral, the latter arising from our ideas, thoughts 
—in short, our intellectual acts—in the account of 
which we need not follow him. 
In the succeeding chapter (V.) the author dilates 
on the force which causes actions in animals. ‘“ We 
know,” he says “that plants can satisfy their needs 
without moving, since they find their food in the 
environing mzlicux. But it is not the same with ani- 
mals, which are obliged to move about to procure 
their sustenance. Moreover, most of them have 
other wants to satisfy, which require other kinds of 
movements and acts.” This matter is discussed in the 
author’s often leisurely and prolix way, with more or 
less repetition, which we will condense. 
The lowest animals—those destitute of a nervous 
system—move in response toa stimulus from without. 
