330 LAMARCK, HIS LIFE AND WORK 
“ On the Industry of Certain Animals. 
“In those animals which have no brain that which 
we call zzdustry as applied to certain of their actions 
does not deserve such a name, for it is a mistake to 
attribute to them a faculty which they do not possess. 
‘“‘ Propensities transmitted and received by heredity 
(génération); habits of performing complicated ac- 
tions, and which result from these acquired propen- 
sities; finally, different difficulties gradually and 
habitually overcome by as many emotions of the 
organic sense (sentiment tntéricur), constitute the sum 
of actions which are always the same in the individuals 
of the same race, to which we inconsiderately give 
the name of zzdustry. 
“The instinct of animals being formed by the habit 
of satisfying the four kinds of wants mentioned above, 
and resulting from the propensities acquired for a long 
time which urge them on in a way determined for 
each species, there comes to pass, in the case of some, 
only a complication in the actions which can satisfy 
these four kinds of wants, or certain of them, and, in- 
deed, only the different difficulties necessary to be over- 
come have gradually compelled the animal to extend 
and make contrivances, and have led it, without choice 
or any intellectual act, but only by the emotions of 
the organic sense, to perform such and such acts. 
“Hence the origin, in certain animals, of different 
complicated actions, which has been called zxzdustry, 
and which are so enthusiastically admired, because it 
has always been supposed, at least tacitly, that these 
actions were contrived and deliberately planned, 
which is plainly erroneous. They are evidently the 
fruit of a necessity which has expanded and directed 
the habits of the animals performing them, and which 
renders them such as we observe. 
“What I have just said is especially applicable to 
the invertebrate animals, in which there enters no 
