LAMARCK'S THEORY CF DESCENT 351 
to isolation in a new area separating a large number 
of individuals from their accustomed habitat, they 
are driven by necessity (desozz) or new needs to adopt 
a new or different mode of life—new habits. These 
efforts, whatever they may be—such as attempts to 
fly, swim, wade, climb, burrow, etc., continued for a 
long time “in all the individuals of its species,” or 
the great number forced by competition to migrate 
and become segregated from the others of the original 
species—finally, owing to the changed surroundings, 
affect the mass of individuals thus isolated, and their 
organs thus exercised in a special direction undergoa 
slow modification. 
Even so careful a writer as Dr. Alfred R. Wallace 
does not quite fairly, or with exactness, state what 
Lamarck says,.when in his classical essay of 1858 he 
represents Lamarck as stating that the giraffe ac- 
quired its long neck by deszrzng to reach the foliage 
of the more lofty shrubs, and constantly stretching 
its neck for the purpose. On the contrary, he does 
not use the word “desiring” at all. What Lamarck 
does say is that— 
“The giraffe lives in dry, desert places, without 
herbage, so that it ts obliged to browse on the leaves 
of trees, and is continually forced to reach up to them. 
It results from this habit, continued fora long time in 
all the individuals of its species, that its fore limbs 
have become so elongated that the giraffe, without 
raising itself erect on its hind legs, raises ines head and 
reaches six meters high (almost twenty feet).” 
* This is taken from my article, ‘‘ Lamarck and Neo-lamz arckian- 
oie ”-in the Oper Court, Chigaee: February, 1897. Compare also 
“* Darwin Wrong,” etc., by R. F. Licorish, M. D., Barbadoes, 1898, 
reprinted in Vatural Ge nC€, April 1899. 
