364 LAMARCK, HiS LIFE AND WORK 
in the dog, cat, and all the other mammals. Thus 
they all may quite often stand erect, although this 
attitude for them is very irksome. 
‘““ T have not observed the situation of the occipital 
opening of the jacko or orang-outang (Szma satyrus 
L.); but as I know that this animal almost habit- 
ually walks erect, though it has no strength in its 
legs, I suppose that the occipital foramen is not situ- 
ated so far from the base of the skull as in the other 
Quadrumana. 
“The head of the negro, less flattened in front 
than that of the European man, necessarily has the 
occipital foramen central. 
“* The more should the jacko contract the habit of 
walking about, the less mobility would he have in 
his toes, so that the thumbs of the feet, which arc 
already much shorter than the other digits, would 
gradually cease to be placed in opposition to the 
other toes, and to be useful in grasping. The mus- 
cles of its lower extremities would acquire propor- 
tionally greater thickness and strength. Then the 
increased or more frequent exercise of the fingers 
of its hands would develop nervous masses at their 
extremities, thus rendering the sense of touch more 
delicate. This is what our train of reasoning indi- 
cates from the consideration of a multitude of facts 
and observations which support it.’’ * 
The subject is closed by a quotation from Grandpré 
on the habits of the chimpanzee. It is not of suffi- 
cient importance to be here reproduced. 
Seven years after the publication of these views, 
* ** How much this unclean beast resembles man !”—Zuznius. 
“* Indeed, besides other resemblances the monkey has mamme, a 
clitoris, nymphs, uterus, uvula, eye-lobes, nails, as in the human 
species ; it also lacks a suspensory ligament of the neck. Is it not 
astonishing that man, endowed with wisdom, differs so little from such 
a disgusting animal !”—Lingeus, 
