VIEWS ON THE EVOLUTION OF MAN 267 
have been enabled to become dominant, to change 
its habits as the result of the absolute dominion 
which it will have assumed over the others, and with 
its new needs, by progressively acquiring modifica- 
tions in its structure and its new and numerous 
powers, to keep within due limits the most highly 
developed of the other races in the state to which 
they had advanced, and to create between it and 
these last very remarkable distinctions. 
‘“ The Angola orang (Szmza troglodytes Lin.) is the 
highest animal; it is much more perfect than the 
orang of the Indies (Szmza satyrus Lin.), which is 
called the orang-outang, and, nevertheless, as re- 
gards their structure they are both very inferior to 
man in bodily faculties and intelligence. These ani- 
mals often stand erect; but this attitude is not ha- 
bitual, their organization not having been sufficiently 
modified, so that standing still (station) is painful 
for them, 
“It is known, from the accounts of travellers, 
especially in regard to the orang of the Indies, that 
when immediate danger obliges it to fly, it immedi- 
ately falls on all fours. This betrays, they tell us, 
the true origin of this animal, since it is obliged to 
abandon the alien unaccustomed partially erect atti- 
tude which is thrust upon it. 
“Without doubt this attitude is foreign to it, 
since in its change of locality it makes less use of 
it, which shows that its organization is less adapted 
to it; but though it has become easier for man to 
stand up straight, is the erect posture wholly natural 
to him? 
“* Although man, who, by his habits, maintained 
in the individuals of his species during a great series 
of generations, can stand erect only while changing 
from one place to another, this attitude is not less 
in his case a condition of fatigue, during which he is 
able to maintain himself in an upright position only 
