CHAP WERT OX 
THE RELATIONS BETWEEN LAMARCKISM AND 
DARWINISM; NEOLAMARCKISM 
SINCE the appearance of Darwin’s Origin of 
Species, and after the great naturalist had converted 
the world to a belief in the general doctrine of evolu- 
tion, there has arisen in the minds of many working 
naturalists a conviction that natural ‘selection, .or 
Darwinism as such, is only one of other evolutionary 
factors; while there are some who entirely reject the 
selective principle. Darwin, moreover, assumed a 
tendency to fortuitous variation, and did not attempt 
to explain its cause. Fully persuaded that he had 
discovered the most efficient and practically sole 
cause of the origin of species, he carried the doctrine 
to its extreme limits, and after over twenty years of 
observation and experiment along this single line, 
pushing entirely aside the Erasmus-Darwin and La- 
marckian factors of change of environment, though 
occasionally acknowledging the value of use and dis- 
use, he triumphantly broke over all opposition, and 
lived to see his doctrine generally accepted. He had 
besides the support of some of the strongest men in 
science: Wallace in a twin paper advocated the same 
views; Spencer, Lyell, Huxley, Hooker, Haeckel, 
Bates, Semper, Wyman, Gray, Leidy, and other rep- 
