390 LAMARCK, HIS LIFE AND WORK 
The discussion in Cope’s work of kinetogenesis, 
or of the effects of use and disuse, affords an exten- 
sive series of facts in support of these factors of 
Lamarck’s. As these two books are accessible to 
every one, we need only refer the reader to them as 
storehouses of facts bearing on Neolamarckism. 
The present writer, from a study of the develop- 
ment and anatomy of Limulus and of Arthropod 
ancestry, was early (1870) * led to adopt Lamarckian 
views in preference to the theory of Natural Selec- 
tion, which never seemed to him adequate or suffi- 
ciently comprehensive to explain the origin of varia- 
tions. 
In the following year,t+ from a study of the insects 
and other animals of Mammoth Cave, we claimed 
that “‘the characters separating the genera and 
species of animals are those inherited from adults, 
modified by their physical surroundings and adapta- 
tions to changing conditions of life, inducing certain 
alterations in parts which have been transmitted 
with more or less rapidity, and become finally fixed 
and habitual.’”’ 
In an essay entitled “‘ The Ancestry of Insects’’ t 
’ 
of use and effort was his ‘‘ Methods of Creation of Organic Types’ 
(1871). In this paper Cope remarks that he ‘“‘has never read La- 
marck in French, nor seen a statement of his theory in English, 
except the very slight notices in the Origin of Species and Chambers’ 
Encyclopedia, the latter subsequent to the first reading of this paper.” 
It is interesting to see how thoroughly Lamarckian Cope was in his 
views on the descent theory. 
* Proceedings of the American Association for the Advancement 
of Science, Troy meeting, 1870. Printed in August, 1871. 
+ American Naturalist, v., December, 1871, p. 750. See also pp. 
751, 759, 760. 
{ Printed in advance, being chapter xili. of Our Common Insects, 
Salem, 1873, pp. 172, 174, 179, 180, 181, 185. 
