NEOLAMARCKISM 393 
of-door forms, thus insuring the permanency of the 
new varieties, species, or genera. 
““s5. Heredity, operating to secure for the future 
the permanence of the newly originated forms as 
long as the physical conditions remain the same. 
‘“ Natural selection perhaps expresses the total 
result of the working of these five factors rather 
than being an efficient cause in itself, or at least 
constitutes the last term in a series of causes. 
Hence Lamarckism in a modern form, or as we have 
termed it, Neolamarckism, seems to us to be nearer 
the truth than Darwinism proper or natural selec- 
tion. * 
In an attempt to apply Lamarck’s principle of the 
origin of the spines and horns of caterpillars and 
other insects as well as other animals to the result 
of external stimuli,+ we had not then read what he 
says onthe subject. (See p. 316.) Having, however, 
been led to examine into the matter, from the views 
held by recent observers, especially Henslow, and it 
appearing that Lamarck was substantially correct in 
supposing that the blood (his ‘* fluids’’) would flow 
to parts on the exposed portions of the body and 
thus cause the origin of horns, on the principle of 
the saying, “‘ ab irritatio, 2bt affuxus,’’ we came to 
the following conclusions: 
* Carl H. Eigenman, in his elaborate memoir, The Lyes of the 
Blind Vertebrates of North America (Archiv fiir Entwickelungs- 
mechanik der Organismen, 1899, viii.), concludes that the Lamarckian 
view, that through disuse and the transmission by heredity of the 
characters thus inherited the eyes of blind fishes are diminished, “* is 
the only view so far examined that does not on the face of it present 
serious objections’ (pp. 605-609). 
+ ‘‘ Hints on the Evolution of the Bristles, Spines, and Tubercles 
of Certain Caterpillars, etc.” Proceedings Boston Society of Natural 
History, xxiv., 1890, pp. 493-560 ; 2 plates, 
