NEOLAMARCKISM 395 
(lines and spots) were due to light or shade, with 
the general result of protective mimicry, or adapta- 
tion to tree-life. 
‘“5. As the result of some unknown factor some 
of the hypodermic cells at the base of the spines 
became in certain forms specialized so as to secrete 
a poisonous fluid. 
‘6, After such primitive forms, members of dif- 
ferent families, had become established on trees, 
a process of arboreal segregation or isolation would 
set in, and intercrossing with low-feeders would 
cease. 
‘“7, Heredity, or the unknown factors of which 
heredity is the result, would go on uninterruptedly, 
the result being a succession of generations perfectly 
adapted to arboreal life. 
‘©8, Finally the conservative agency of natural 
selection operates constantly, tending towards the 
preservation of the new varieties, species, and gen- 
era, and would not cease to act, in a given direction, 
so long as the environment remained the same. 
‘‘9, Thus in order to account for the origin of 
a species, genus, family, order, or even a class, the 
first steps, causing the origination of variations, were 
in the beginning due to the primary (direct and indi- 
rect) factors of evolution (Neolamarckism), and the 
final stages were due to the secondary factors, segre- 
gation and natural selection (Darwinism).”’ 
From a late essay * we take the following extracts 
explaining our views: 
‘“TIn seeking to explain the causes of a metamor- 
phosis in animals, one is compelled to go back to the 
*‘*On the Inheritance of Acquired Characters in Animals with a 
Complete Metamorphosis.” Proceedings Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci- 
ences, Boston, xxix. (N. S., xxi.), 1894, pp. 331-370; also monograph of 
‘*Bombycine Moths,” Memoirs Nat. Acad. Sciences, vil., 1895, p. 33. 
