NEOLAMARCKISM 4II 
views published in 1806. After enumerating the 
primary factors of organic evolution, he places nat- 
ural selection among his secondary factors, such as 
heredity, segregation, amixia, etc. On the other 
hand, he states that Lamarck was not happy in the 
choice of the examples which he gave to explain the 
action of habits and use of parts. ‘‘ Je ne rappel- 
lerai paf l’histoire tant de fois critique du cou de la 
giraffe et des cornes de l’escargot.”’ 
Another important factor in the evolution of the 
metazoa or many-celled animals, from the sponges 
and polyps upward from the one-celled forms or pro- 
tozoa, is the principle of animal aggregation or coloni- 
zation advanced by Professor Perrier. As civilization 
and progressive intelligence in mankind arose from 
the aggregation of men into tribes or peoples which 
lived a sedentary life, so the agricultural, building, 
and other arts forthwith sprang up; and as the social 
insects owe their higher degree of intelligence to their 
colonial mode of life, so as soon as unicellular organ- 
isms began to become fixed, and form aggregates, 
the sponge and polyp types of organization resulted, 
this leading to the gastra, or ancestral form from 
which all the higher phyla may have originated. 
M. Perrier appears to fully accept Lamarck’s views, 
including his speculations as to wants, and use and 
disuse. He, however, refuses to accept Lamarck’s 
extreme view as to the origin through effort of en- 
tirely new organs. As he says: “ Unfortunately, if 
Lamarck succeeded in explaining in a plausible way 
the modification of organs already existing, their 
adaptation to different uses, or even their disappear- 
