422 LAMARCK, HIS LIFE AND WORK 
ences the same rudiments may give rise to different 
adult structures’’ (p. 128). Delage, in his 7héorzes 
sur Ll Hérédité, summarizes under seven heads the 
objections of these distinguished biologists. Species 
arise, he says, from general variations, due to change 
in the conditions of life, such as food, climate, use 
and disuse, very rarely individual variations, such as 
sports or aberrations, which are more or less the re- 
sult of disease. 
Mention should also be made of the essays and 
works of H. Driesch,* De Varigny,ft Danilewsky,{ 
Verworn,§ Davenport,| Gadow,4 and others. 
In his address on ‘** Neodarwinism and Neola- 
marckism,’’ Mr. Lester F. Ward, the palzobotanist, 
says: 
‘*T shall be obliged to confine myself almost ex- 
clusively to the one great mind, who far more than 
all others combined paved the way for the new sci- 
ence of biology to be founded by Darwin, namely, 
Lamarck.’’ After showing that Lamarck established 
the functional, or what we would call the dynamic 
factors, he goes on to say that ‘‘ Lamarck, although 
he clearly grasped the law of competition, or the 
struggle for existence, the law of adaptation, or the 
correspondence of the organism to the changing 
environment, the transmutation of species, and the 
* Enitwickelungmecanische Studien, 1892-93. 
+ Experimental Evolution, 1892 ; also, ‘‘ Recherches sur le Nanisme 
experimental,” Journ. Anat. et Phys., 1894. 
t ‘‘ Ueber die organsplastischen Krafte der Organismen,” Ardcit. 
nat. Ges., Petersburg, xvi., 1885 ; Protok, 79-82. 
8 General Physiology, 1899. 
|| Zaperimental Morphology, 1897-99, 2 vols. 
4] ‘‘ Modifications of Certain Organs which seem to be Illustrations 
of the Inheritance of Acquired Characters in Mammals and Birds,” 
Zool, Jahrb, Syst. Abth., 1890, iv., pp. 629-646 ; also, Zhe Lost Link, 
by E. Haeckel, with notes, etc., by H. Gadow, 18gg9. 
