FOOD AND FEEDING 
of worms and other living creatures; but when this cannot be procured or 
its condition is such that it may be unclean, or that parasites or disease 
fungi might be introduced with it; then surrogates in the form of prepared 
foods should be fed. One of the first requirements in feeding artificial food 
is frequent change of diet and care taken that only such quantities are feed 
which will be at once consumed, and not a particle left over 15 minutes 
after feeding. 
Substitutes for the natural live food are prepared of the following ani- 
mal and vegetable substances:—Scalded and dried earthworms; lean raw 
or dried meat and liver; fish roe and flesh; ant-eggs; raw and boiled eggs; 
milk curds; dried daphnia; dried prawns (fresh or saltwater shrimp) or 
lobster; rice wafers, rice flour, pea flour, fine corn meal, dry or boiled oat 
meal, vermicelli, egg noodles, water crackers, dog biscuit and other hard 
biscuit. For very young fishes the best substitute foods are rice flour 
sprinkled on the surface of the water, and oat meal broth. Blood has also 
been tried but has been found to be objectionable, except for pond feeding. 
Raw Meat Foop. Any kind of lean meat may be finely scraped, 
slightly rinsed in cold water and carefully fed to the fishes. 
EartTHworM Foop. ‘The worms should be kept a few days in moist 
moss, to clean themselves, then immersed a few minutes in scalding water, 
quickly rinsed with cold water, finely chopped, and either immediately 
carefully fed or dried for future use. 
Drriep Liver Foop. Liver is boiled and either dried in a low heat 
and scraped from the piece when perfectly dry; or finely minced and dried. 
Care must be exercised in its feeding. 
FisH Roe ano Fiesuo Foops. The roeofthesea-bass, smelt and shad 
isan excellent fish food. It should be freed from the membrane, parboiled, 
dried at low temperature, and fed either in this form or rubbed into and 
fed with boiled oat meal. Finely dessicated boiled fish flesh, prepared in 
similar manner, is also used. 
Ant Ecc Foop. The pupe of ants, known as ant eggs, may be ob- 
tained of dealers, and if crushed and mixed with oat meal or with boiled 
corn meal, salt, and the yolks of hard-boiled eggs, make a most nutritious 
and readily digestible food. They may also be fed in the dry state. 
Ecc Foop. The yolk of boiled eggs, mixed with any of the farinace- 
ous foods, preferably oat meal, is an often used food. Also granulated 
water crackers into which beaten raw eggs are mixed and thoroughly dried, 
make a good food. 
Mixep Foops. Milk curds, corn meal, boiled rice flour and eggs, 
with their finely crushed shells, together with hard biscuit or water-crackers, 
make a nutritious food. It should be perfectly dry, and crumbled when fed. 
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