
TERRARIA AND AQUA-TERRARIA 

Rana clamatans, (Shaw), the Green Frog, is distributed throughout 
the Eastern and Central States and a part of Canada. The head is 
rounder than the above, the body and limbs shorter and more massive, 
the tympanum of the male larger than the eye and smaller in the female. 
The glandular fold runs from the eye to the hip with a shorter one to the 
shoulders. The color is dark-olive on the back, brilliant green on the 
head and shoulders, and usually white or greenish-white below with citron- 
yellow throat. At some seasons it may be greenish-brown on the back 
and the sides marked with brown spots. It is aquatic in its habit and 
emits a shrill cry when disturbed, the usual note being a nasal chung, and 
its call is chock, chock chock. 
Rana catesbeana, (Shaw), the Common Bullfrog, is distributed over 
the entire country east of the Rocky Mountains and is the largest of the 
North American frogs, often reaching a body length of 8 inches. It has 
a broad head, bulky body and thick legs. A fold of the skin extends 
from the eye to the tympanum around the forearm socket to the breast. 
The tympanum of the male is larger than the eye. The complete webb- 
ing of the fourth toe and the absence of the dorsal or back fold are other 
distinguishing characteristics of this species. Its cry is the deep gutteral 
oft-repeated croak, wuum, wuim, wutm, wuum. 
Rana pretiosa (Cope), the Western Frog, and the Western Bullfrog, 
Rana aurora, are not found in the Eastern States, the distribution of the 
former being from Montana west to Puget Sound and south to Lower 
California. Its head is obtuse, rounded and broader than long, the body 
stout, the eyes smaller than the Eastern Frogs, and the indistinctly out- 
lined tympanum often smaller than the eye. A depressed ridge extends 
from the eye to the flank; and the color is yellowish-brown above, darker 
on the side, circular brown blotches on the back, and transverse markings 
on the legs. The Western Bullfrog is distributed on the Western Coast 
regions of the United States. Its head is broad, acute and rounded 
anteriorly, the body depressed and elongated, the eye moderately large, 
and the tympanum smaller than the eye. The glandular fold reaches from 
the eye to the hind leg. The color is greenish-yellow with golden reflec- 
tions spotted with black, and the sides and abdomen reddish-brown. The 
under side is dull, spotted greenish-yellow. 
The sexes of the frogs may be determined by the size of the tympanum, 
that of the female being the smaller. 
Toaps. There are several variefies of the common or hop-toad 
which will not be mentioned here. Toads are terrestial in habit, of dull, 
inconspicuous color and usually considered of uncouth repulsive form. 
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